THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



427 



plK 18 a very easy animal to educate. Like people, 

 whom they more closely resemble than any other 

 animal In some respects, their education must begin 

 when they are very young. If thoy are brought up 

 In the way they should go, the trainings should 

 begin when they are sucklings, by picking them up 

 and stroking them gently. If the owner's enthu- 

 siasm and Interest In them should be so great as to 

 cause him to carry them to the house to show to the 

 children and to let them play with them, all the 

 better. The pigs should be handled and taught not 

 to be afraid. When this is done the mothers will be 

 docile and much more easily managed. — Rural Xem 

 Yorker. 



Advice to Young Horsemen. 



Never pass behind a horse in the stable nor place 

 your hand upon him in the stall without first speak- 

 ing to him. You may save life or limb by bearing 

 this in mind. Do not whip even a "contrary" or 

 balky horse; make him forget his ill or stubborn 

 intent in some way, such as putting a little dry dirt 

 in his mouth, or wrapping a mitten of newspaper 

 about one or both ears ; in studying to know what 

 it means he soon forgets his notion of stopping, and 

 at the prompt, and at the prompt, decided, but not 

 angry, voice of his master he moves along. In case 

 of any accident, do not shout or appear frightened ; 

 your excitement will at once be communicated to 

 the horse. Instead, you should pacify and reassure 

 him with firm, kind tones. 



Form a habit of glancing all over your horse and 

 harness before starting from the door. It may save 

 life. In the winter be sure and have the bits covered 

 with cloth or leather. On the road you may go 

 pretty fast down hill and on level ground, if you are 

 a good driver, but don't hurry up hill ; never do so 

 with a load ; short pulls and rests by " trigging the 

 wheels " will prolong the service of your horse. — 

 The Cultivator. 



The Largest 'Yields on Record. 

 As the Jerseys are noted for their large yields of 

 butter so are the Holsteins famous for their extra- 

 ordinary production of milk. The highest records 

 obtained are those of the two Holstein heifers belong- 

 ing to Mr. John Mitchell, of Meadow Brook Farm, 

 near Newburg, N. Y., for one of which ?1.5,000 has 

 been refused. Previous to the test of these heifers 

 the highest yield of milk was by a 3 year old, 

 Clothilde, belonging to Smith & Powell, Syracuse, 

 N. y. which was 64 pounds per day (about .'i2 

 quarts). One of the above heifers, Jamaica, accord- 

 ing to the New York Tribune, has given in one day 

 W^% pounds of milk, or about 51',^ quarts. The 

 other heifer, Ethelka, has given 8OJ4 pounds. The 

 milk from Jamaica produced, in one week's trial, 

 over2G pounds of butter, which is also a remarkable 

 record. It is seldom that cows excel both in the 

 quantity of milk and butter, and the records of these 

 heifers demonstrate that the Holsteins are destined 

 to be the most useful of all breeds of cattle ; for, in 

 connection with their merits for their dairy purposes, 

 they are very large in size, and make excellent ani- 

 mals for beef, while the oxen of that breed are active, 

 strong and capable of doing efficient service. 



Feeding Colts. 

 Early maturity for swine and cattle has been ad- 

 vised as to the best farm practice for the largest re- 

 turn in pork and beef. But there is a difference, as 

 the Home Farm reminds us, between the objects in 

 view In raising pigs and horses. In the one case 

 weight alone is wanted, and fat-forming foods (the 

 chief of which is corn) are used. In the other It is 

 muscle that is wanted, and about the poorest food 

 that can be given a young colt is corn. Of course 

 you can, with corn, shove it forward and make as- 

 tonishing weights and possibly sell at a big price ; 

 but let this practice become universal, as it threatens 

 to be, and the people who use horses will soon refuse 

 your stock at any price. Cattle and hogs are bought 

 for fat, horses for muscle. The difiercnce Is as wide 

 as it can possibly be. 



There must be different feed and different treat- 

 ment. What the colt wants Is plenty of exercise, a 

 clean place to sleep, shelter from the bitter storms, 

 plenty of good grass of different varieties, good, 

 clean hay without dust, and good, sound oats. Colts 

 raised In this way will not look so well nor win as 

 many premiums, nor sell to fools for as much money, 

 but they will have sound limbs and eyes, great en- 

 durance and weight, speed enough for their various 

 purposes, and they will last. 



June Butter. 

 The delicious fiavors and appetizing aroma of 

 June butter come from the fresh, sweet grasses on 

 which the cows are feeding, untainted by foul colors 

 or filthy surroundings. While those fiavors, as de- 

 veloped in June butter, cannot be improved or in- 

 tensified in an artificial way, yet it is an easy mat. 

 tor to detract from them by errors in management. 

 One of the more common errors is to allow the 

 cream to remain on the milk after It begins to sour. 

 This is more frequently practiced In the warmer 

 weather of June than during the cooler weather of 

 the spring months. First-class butter cannot be 

 made from cream which has been taken from sour 

 and coagulated milk. The highest development of 

 flavor is found when the cream has arrived at that 

 stage when it first begins to put on an acid condi- 

 tion. If the acid Is allowed to develop further the 

 flavor will be impaired and the butter will be of in- 

 inferior quality. The only way to secure these con- 

 ditions is to remove the cream before the milk sours, 

 and then ripen it to the desired condition. The milk 

 should be set under a temperature where It will re- 

 main sweet till the cream has time to rise. In suc- 

 cessful dairying of any kind, and especially in but- 

 er making, the temperature of the milk must be 

 'under control. Only in this way can choice June 

 butter be made. — Maine Farmer. 



Overstocking Pastures. 



The Breeders' Gazette in commenting upon this 

 practice has reference mainly to the beef producing 

 sections in the West, but dairymen have the same 

 temptation and need the same counsel. 



The profits from cattle at grass are so manifest — 

 the money coming without the farmer scarcely real- 

 izing where it comes from or how it is made— that 

 there is a constant temptation to overstock the pas- 

 tures. And considering the variableness of the 

 seasons, which alter the sustaining or producing ca- 

 pacity of the grass lands from one year to another, 

 there is perhaps no other problem connected with the 

 management of the farm than the proper adjust- 

 ment of the number of live stock to the proportion 

 of pasture lands. The number should, of course, be 

 large enough to consume the grass ; but it should at 

 no time be large enough to render the grass short 

 and the gathering of sufficient feed difficult. This 

 condition is bad for the stock, and equally bad for 

 the crop. Pastured too closely, it is doubtful whether 

 the grass will produce as much, considering the dry 

 season of the year, and more or less of it is thereby 

 weakened or killed out, so that the permanent stand 

 and yield is impaired. Then, if too short for their 

 convenience, cattle will only be able able to gather 

 enough to satisfy what they appreciate to be the ne- 

 cessities of the situation, and will make no satisfac- 

 tory gain. The best plan Is to provide just about 

 such a number as can be kept with the most advan- 

 tage in seasons a little poorer than the average, and 

 to take the chances on picking up a few extra bul- 

 locks Id seasons of unusual productiveness. 



Lice on Stock. 

 A number of letters asked for remedies for lousy 

 stock. Vermin of some kind very frequently Infest 

 domestic animals ; they are mostly of the louse type 

 — small parasitic animals that must be removed by 

 the application of some iusectitude. A number of 

 substances have been used to a greater or less ex- 

 tent, of which a few are mentioned below : One 

 pound of tobacco and six ounces of borax boiled in 

 two quarts of water, to which soft soap enough is 



added to make a thick paste, has proven a good 

 vermin salve. A mixture of carbolic acid and soft 

 soap In the proportion of one to four, makes a com- 

 pound easy to apply, and very effectual. Shortly 

 after, the parts to which the soap mixture has been 

 applied should be washeil with pure water and a 

 non-drying oil rubbed on. Oil of turpentine and 

 lard oil, equal parts, with a little carbolic add. Is 

 perhaps the most convenient mixture to make, and 

 effectual In Its application. Animals that arc affect- 

 cd with vermin need better care and higher feeding 

 In order to overcome the drain that those parasite* 

 make on the system.— ylmci-icnu Agriculturist. 



Interfering Horses. 



Many horses are In the habit of striking with ono 

 leg against another; and much of ingenuity has 

 been exercised to provide a remedy for the trouble- 

 some practice. Both the fore and hind legs are sub- 

 ject to It, the latter, perhaps most frequently ; but 

 in them It is confined to the fetlock joint, whereas 

 In the fore legs, the horse may either hit the fetlock, 

 the leg just above the pastern, or just under the 

 knee, where It is called a speedy cut, from Its occur- 

 ring chiefly in fast action. 



It is dcilrable, before applying a remedy to ascer- 

 tain, if possible, the cause and the part which 

 strikes; whether the shoe or the foot, and, If the 

 latter, what part of It. Many horses strike from 

 weakness, and cease to do so when they gain strength 

 and condition. This is more particularly the case 

 with young horses ; others cut from a faulty confor- 

 mation of the limbs, which are sometimes too close 

 to each other ; again the loe is turned too much out 

 or In. When turned in, the strike Is usually just 

 under the knee. 



The oljjects to be kept In view In shoeing anch 

 horses must be to remedy the faulty action, and to 

 remove, if possible, the part which strikes, which is 

 generally that portion of the foot between the toe 

 and the inside quarter— sometimes the inside quarter 

 itself, but very rarely the heels of the shoe. If the 

 horse turns his toe in, in all probability he wears 

 the inside of the shoe most ; if so, it should be made 

 much thicker than the outside ; if the contiary, the 

 outside heel should be the thicker. The slioc should 

 be leveled oB' on the inside quarter, which should 

 also be free from nails. 



In the hind legs we often find a three-quarters 

 shoe will prevent striking, when other plans fail, for 

 here the striking part is not so far forward as in the 

 fore legs, so that the removal of the iron altogether 

 from the inside quarter will often accomplish the 

 aim. It sometimes happens that no plan will pre- 

 vent interfering, and then the only recourse Ig the 

 boot or the pad. — Indiana Farmer. 



POULTRY. 



Fowls Must Have Green Stuff. 



It must not be forgotten that our poultry need 

 some sort of green fo<>d at all seasons of the year. 



In winter we can give them cabbages or chopped 

 turnips and onions from time to lime ; short, late- 

 dried hay (or roweu) Is very good for a change ; 

 corn-stalk leaves chopped fine, they will eat with a 

 relish. 



In early spring-time, when the ground first softens 

 from the frost, pasture sor/.i tl)rown Into their pens 

 will be ravenously eaten by them; and as soon as 

 the new grass starts (unless they can have free ac- 

 cess to the fields or lawns) they should lie supplied 

 with this excellent succulent daily. For the young 

 chickens nothing is so lieneflcial and so grateful as a 

 run upon the newly grown grass ; and next to this 

 indulgence they shuuld hare an ample supply of cut 

 or pulled grass every day. 



But of course while Jack Frost bears sway " this 

 sort of truck" Is out of the question. Some care- 

 ful poultry keepers sprout oats in boxes of earth, 

 and allow choice birds to pluck the tender blades. 

 The common Swedish turnip and the carrot are ex- 

 cellent for winter green poultry feed, and probably 

 the most available and the cheapest vegetables that 



