XXIV 

 PART VIH.-FAMINES. 



Chapter CXLI. General remarks on Indian Famines. History of 



Indian famines; over-population should be kept in view ; thinly populated 

 localities of the Empire the natural field for emigration ; why England does not 

 suffer from famine ; fourfold method of combating famines (agricultural educa- 

 tion, establishment of manufacturing industries, commerce in food-grains, and 

 emigration) ; cause of famines, short rainfall ; precarious tracts. 



pp. 85410859. 



Chapter CXLII. The System of Land-Revenue as affecting the 

 question. Government demand disproportionately light on permanently 

 settled areas ; Government system a direct heritage of older systems; the evolu- 

 tion not altogether to the advantage of the cultivating class ; maximum limit 

 of rent in proportion to revenue-demand should be fixed in permanently settled 

 estates, though these are not much subject to famines pp. 859 to 864. 



Chapter CXLIII. Measures of protection and relief. (i) Legislative 

 measures (exportation of new rice, of bones and oil seeds, may be prohibited ; 

 minimum proportion between land revenue and rent may be fixed ; cultivators 

 may be compelled to grow one tree per acre of holding ; each village-union may 

 be compelled to keep a conservancy establishment for burying carcasses &c. and 

 growing trees for fuel and fodder on the burying ground). (2) Departmental 

 measures (storage and distribution of superior seed-grains ; collection of drought 

 and flood resist'mg crops ; loan of seed-grains j loan of irrigation implements, 

 bull-service &c.) (3) Extension of canals and railways. (4) Relief work may 

 take the shape of growing a crop of food-grains by irrigation between 

 February and May, leaving famine people free to go to their own fields in June. 

 (5) Agricultural banks may be established hand in hand with farms by the 

 India Agricultural Development Co. Ld. unler Givt. patronage and supervi- 

 sion. pp. 86410870. 



Chapter CXLIV. Agricultural Education. Agricultural education in 

 connection with Model Farms attached to mofussil Training Schools ; agricul- 

 tural education in village schools to ba of a concrete character illustrated by 

 means of school-gardens ; agricultural education in High Schools and Colleges; 

 agriculture more suitable for all classes of mofussil schools and colleges than 

 physics or chemistry ; interest t.iken and aptitude shown by educated Bengalis 

 in farming, a very hopeful sign. pp. 870 to 875. 



APPENDIX A. 



Proportion of solids in endosmosed and in exos nosed saps; proportion 

 between dry matter of a plant and moisture evaporated and transpTred, a basis 

 of calculation for irrigation (vide p. 163). pp. 876 to 877. 



