reason tand judgment for guidance must be done by man ; e.g. 

 attendance on cattle and other live-stock ; planting and 

 transplanting, management of machinery, &c. Some work 

 which can be done by machinery is more cheaply and con- 

 veniently done by hand power ; e.g. binding of sheaf. In 

 managing Indian labour it is very necessary to have a sirdar, 

 or foreman, or overseer to look after the labourers, unless 

 the proprietor of the farm can do so himself. If the pro- 

 prietor is himself an expert cultivator accustomed to doing 

 rough work he can always get more work out of labourers by 

 himself working with the gang. Working Indian labourers 

 on the gang system: is very important, and yet each man 

 should be given a separate piece of work to do that the 

 amount and quality of each man's work may be judged. It 

 is not of course necessary to employ all the labourers on the 

 same field and in the same work at the same time. It is 

 enough if the overseer can easily see each man from where 

 he is, doing his allotted piece of work. When labourers dis- 

 tribute themselves in different parts of a farm and work out- 

 side the immediate ken of the foreman, they do very little 

 work. There are some works, such as broadcasting, dibbling 

 or hand-drilling of seed, planting cuttings, &c., which need 

 close watching. There are usually two ways of doing a 

 W ork, a careful and a careless way. It is less troublesome 

 doing work carelessly and unless labourers are immediately 

 corrected when they take to careless ways, they get into the 

 habit of working carelessly. A great deal depends upon 

 proper habits being engrafted to labourers. When Indian 

 labourers once get into the habit of doing some work in the 

 proper manner, they continue to do the work in the proper 

 manner even when they are not very closely watched. Some 

 of the cultivators' habits are hereditary, and some castes are 

 therefore found doing work faster and in a neater manner 

 than others. It (is less troublesome, for instance, sticking 

 sugarcane cuttings in prepared soil, any how, so that some 



