ent for keeping 50 acres in cultivation ; and our cultivators 

 calculate i yoke of oxen as being sufficient for keeping 16 

 bighas (about 5 acres) in cultivation. Thus from actual 

 practice also it is deducible that an English farm-horse is 

 able to do ten times as much work as a Bengal bullock, and 

 that the work done by a Bengal bullock, while ploughing, is 

 2,200 ft. Ibs., as stated above. On light soil 3 horses are 

 kept in England for every 100 acres of land. On this calcula- 

 tion we would require in Bengal 30 bullocks for working 

 100 acres of light land or about I yoke of oxen for 20 bighas. 

 In stocking a farm in Lower Bengal these figures should be 

 borne in mind. 



145. It will be long before bullock-power will be replaced 

 by steam or electricity in this country, for farm operations. 

 Steam and other engines deteriorate as time goes on ; cattle 

 have a tendency to multiply. That horses are a farm-produce 

 is one of the chief considerations why horses are mainly 

 employed in English farm operations even where steam is 

 applicable. Judiciously managed, the employment of bullock- 

 power in a farm not only costs little; but it actually becomes 

 a source of income to the farm. From the 3rd year of their 

 life to the loth year bullocks can be worked and afterwards 

 they can be fattened and sold off, while a few cows may be 

 maintained on the farm to keep up a supply of vigorous 

 young stock. Such works as churning, thrashing, husking 

 pulping, pumping, which are more cheaply done by wind or 

 steam-power, can be done by bullock-power when the bullocks 

 have a slow time and when there is not much work to be 

 done on the farm. 



146. To help the more efficient employment of bullock- 

 power it is necessary to have a bullock-gin or bullock-gear to 

 which such light machinery such as thrasher, huller, winnower, 

 churn, pump, pulper, chaff-cutter or cake-crusher, can be attach- 

 ed. The attachment is made by means of a leather belt which 

 communicates the motion of the revolving capstan (to which 



