[ "5 ] 



wheel which would cost only about Rs. 50 constructing. 

 There is an iron "axle to which are 6 fans or sails (5ft. x6ft ".) 

 attached. The "Jumbo-box" is 12 ft. long by 8 ft. wide by 6ft. 

 high. The axle is mounted on posts. Such a wind-mill has been 

 known to pump water for 100 head of cattle from an 18 ft, well. 

 The whole arrangement, if a pump is provided, can be set up 

 by a village carpenter and a blacksmith. Any old lumber, 

 such as split rails, old packing boxes, tin from old tin roofs, 

 can be pressed into the service in the construction of these 

 mills. The sails may be constructed either narrow and tall 

 or square or oblong, the object being the offering of a large 

 surface of obstruction for the wind. With proper mechanical 

 arrangements these home-made mills can not only be used 

 for pumping water, but also for working a grindstone, for 

 sawing wood, for churning butter, for cutting chaff, for 

 crushing oil-cake and doing other ordinary barn-door work. 

 The old forms of wind-mill (called post-, tower-, or smock- 

 mill) with a 154 ft. radius and with a breeze of i3ft. per 

 second, yield about one horse-power of energy. 



148. Power-Mill. In a large farm, where it is worth while 

 having chaff-cutters, cake-crushers, &c. worked by wind or 

 water-power, it is important to have the mill working at all 

 seasons, specially at the wet season, when indoor work is 

 preferable to outdoor work. The self-adjusting wind-mills of 

 modern construction are preferable for constant work, as even 

 with very light wind they do fairly good work, and the vane 

 turns the wheel in such a manner that whatever the direction 

 of the wind may be, the sails catch it and work the mill. The 

 whole expense is incurred in the first erection. Afterwards 

 oiling once a week is all that is needed. Rs. 2,000 laid out 

 in the erection of a power-mill, one form of which is repre- 

 sented here (Fig. 7), can be got back in two years, in a 

 properly organised farm. 



149. Wind-mills of modern construction, called also aero- 

 motors, are either vertical or horizontal. The mill represented 



