t 128 ] 



work the soil to a depth of 5". The Cuttack and Noakhali 

 ploughs are very heavy and the two sides of their body are 

 shaped like two mould-boards, which give them the appear- 

 ance of ridging ploughs. The ploughs of Saharanpur, 

 Muzaffarnagar and Meerut districts are shod with a horse- 

 shoe-shaped iron round the edge of the tongue and instead 

 of a small iron tooth, are fitted with a long pointed bar of 

 iron which projects out behind the heel, and which can be 

 forced forward as it gets worn out. The 'share' of the 

 Guzerat plough is arrow-shaped and it is fixed on a wooden 

 sole. This share also can be pushed forward as it gets worn 

 out. 



164. The defefts of the native plough are, first that it 

 has no mould-board and it cannot in consequence invert the 

 soil, secondly, that it makes V shaped furrows leaving ridges 

 of unploughed land between, and thirdly, there is waste of 

 power due to rudeness of construction. As a rule also, the 

 native plough stirs the soil to a very slight depth and works 

 only a bigha a day in place of 3 bighas or more which can be 

 worked with ordinary English ploughs. English or American 

 ploughs make rectangular furrows of wider width, and the 

 upturned soil getting inverted the grass and weeds get cover- 

 ed up in the process of ploughing. As a rule, European and 

 American ploughs are too heavy and too expensive. But a 

 Swedish plough is habitually used in preference to all others 

 in the Nagpur and Saidapet Experimental Farms and at Sib- 

 pur are used a ridging plough and a turn-wrest plough with 

 a pair of ordinary bullocks. The bullocks of the C. P. and 

 Madras being very much superior to Bengal bullocks the use 

 of the Swedish plough is not considered objectionable. For 

 heavy soils the Swedish plough is unsuitable especially for 

 Bengal bullocks, but for light soils it can be tried with success 

 where a better class of bullocks is available. The European 

 double-mould-board plough or Ridging plough can be worked 

 with success ploughed fields even by Bengal bullocks. There 



