[ '34 ] 



slice, slants slightly forwards. It can be easily removed like 

 the share for sharpening or relaying, or replacing. For stony 

 soils, coulters like shares are made of wrought iron or steel, 

 but they are ordinarily made of hard cast-iron (chilled iron). 

 The coulter-blade is 2\" to 3" wide, and fixed at an angle 

 of 65 to the share in wet weather, but at a smaller angle 

 and more forward in the dry weather. Using the plough on 

 fallow ground the coulter should point a little behind the 

 point of the share. The coulter has usually a hole in it from 

 which suspends a chain and a small iron ball which presses 

 down long grass or dung as the furrow is being turned, so 

 that these may be better covered. A sharp revolving disc- 

 coulter is used on grass land or level lawns where there are 

 no stones. (9) The stilts (SS.) terminating in wooden handles 

 to hold by with both hands. (10) The Mould-Board \M) is joined 

 on to the right of the body behind the shoulder of the share 

 and it is so modelled, that it turns over the soil clean. The 

 mould-board is kept smooth and clean and not loaded with 

 earth which would give obstruction in working and thus add 

 to the draught, (i i) The Cheek-plate is just below the land- 

 side of the body, i.e. opposite the mould-board, and it slides 

 against the unploughed land. In the figure this part of 

 the plough is not visible. The weight of a swing plough is 3 

 to 34 maunds and it costs in England 4 to 5 guineas. 



171. The Wheel-plough resembles the swing-plough, 

 but it has two wheels (W & W) attached to the beam (B) by 

 means of two sliding bars or uprights coming down from the 

 beam. One of the wheels (W) called the furrow- wheel 

 marches along the bottom of the furrow and the other (the 

 smaller one) called the land wheel, (W) along the unploughed 

 land to keep the plough in position. The lower end of the 

 larger wheel should be adjusted at the same level with the 

 sole. If one wants to make the furrow an inch deeper than 

 one has been getting, one raises the land-wheel (i.e. the small 

 wheel) an inch, and if one wants to make the furrow an inch 



