f '47 ] 



marked out by the plough as above, and the poles removed 

 to the full distance between the ridges again and the opera- 

 tion repeated until the whole field has been marked out. The 

 ploughing is done round and round these lines by gathering. 

 The horses turn at the headlands which should be fairly 

 broad that no difficulty may be experienced by horses in 

 turning at the ends of the fields. If headlands are left on 

 all sides these may be ploughed up afterwards by driving 

 the plough round and round the field away from the fences 

 and not towards them. When feering poles are set up 

 at the full width between ridges to start with, ploughing is 

 done by splitting. With a 8J ft. staff, 66 ft. or 33 ft. may be 

 easjly measured and an acre being 660 ft. x66ft., these widths 

 are convenient for making mental calculations as to area. 

 Light soil should not be made too wavy by ploughing. Sections 

 of 132 ft. may be taken for each gathering on such soil. 



1 88. Principle of calculation. A man ploughing an 

 acre and turning over furrow-slices only an inch wide would 

 turn over 99 miles of furrow-slices. If he ploughed 12" wide 

 he would cover T ^th this distance, i.e. 8*25 miles. If he 

 ploughed up 6" slices he would cover r6J miles in a day if 

 he succeeded in doing i acre. With an ordinary country 

 plough, or with an improved plough the utmost width obtain- 

 ed is 6", and as i6i miles of walk while ploughing is too 

 much for the ploughman, \ of an acre which involves a 

 walk of over 5 miles while working should be considered a 

 good day's work for a ploughman, at least for the first plough- 

 ing. Attempt should be made to get the plough-man to 

 do 5 or 6 miles of walk per day while ploughing. To get 

 the number of miles walked in ploughing an acre it is only 

 necessary to divide 99 by the breadth of the furrow (in 

 inches) turned out by a particular plough. With ploughs of 

 different widths of share turning out different widths of 

 furrow-slices, the ploughman should show different quantities 

 of work. 



