t 151 ] 



country. The grubber used on the Sibpur Farm (Fig. 26) can 

 be easily made in'country places in India, and the cost need not 

 exceed Rs. 20. The price of the * Madras Grubber* is only 

 Rs. 17, For early preparation of land for Rabi crops, for which 

 quick and at the same time deep cultivation is desirable, the 

 Grubber is an invaluable implement. It forms no pans. 

 Grubbing should not be done in the Kharif season. 



FIG. 26. THE GRUBBER. 



192. The Harrow. These are either rectangular (Fig. 27) 

 or circular. The frame of the rectangular harrow is several 

 feet wide and long. It is usually divided into 2 or 3 sections 

 carrying equidistant teeth usually 8 to 10 inches long which 

 serve to break the surface clods after the plough or grubber 

 has been used, in order to bring up clods to the surface to 

 be afterwards smashed up by the roller, and to detach weeds 

 from land which has been stirred. It is also used after the 

 seed has been sown, to cover it. Chain-harrows, constructed 



FIG. 27. THE HARROW. 



as a coarse coat of mail, are composed of plain, circular, or 

 polyhedral rings, toothed rings and tripods, the latter con- 

 nected by rings or links, the teeth being longer on one 



