t 178 ] 



prolonged on one side and driven through a pair of bevel 

 wheels by a whim. Each bucket is provided with a leather 

 flap valve to permit of the escape of air from the descending 

 buckets as they enter the water. This improved Persian 

 wheel works very satisfactorily. From a raiyat's point of 

 view, however, it is too costly and it has too many working 

 parts. 



227. Egyptian appliances. -The Punjab pattern, which 

 is the same as the Egyptian, is also somewhat too compli- 

 cated for ordinary raiyats* use. The Egyptian Persian 

 wheel or Sackiyeh is thus described in Lane's Modern 

 Egyptians. " The Sackiyeh mainly consists of a vertical 

 wheel which raises the water in earthen pots attached to 

 cords, and forms a continuous series; a second vertical 

 wheel, fixed to the same axis, with cogs, and a large hori- 

 zontal cogged wheel, which, being turned by a pair of cows 

 or bulls, or by a single beast, puts in motion the former 

 wheels and pots." Another beautiful Egyptian arrangement 

 for raising water is the Taboot which resembles the Persian 

 wheel in some respects, the chief difference being that pots 

 are not used, but the water is raised up in a large wheel 

 with hollow joints or fellies. The bullock is blind-folded and 

 it goes round and round even without a driver while the 

 cog-wheel to which the shaft of the bullock is attached 

 moves the other two wheels. The wheel with the hollow 

 fellies faces a channel to which seven or eight of the hollows 

 pour out their contents simultaneously while others are 

 coming up in an endless series. This arrangement is adapted 

 only for small depths. The mot (without the self-delivery tube) 

 and the swing-basket are also in use in Egypt, as also the 

 tera or shadoof. The shadoof consists of two posts or 

 pillars of wood, or of mud and cane or rushes, about 5 feet 

 in height and less than 3 feet apart, with a horizontal piece 

 of wood extendingl from top to top to which is suspended a 

 slender lever formed of a branch of a tree, having at one 



