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sides where there is silt deposit. The manures used are 

 cowdung, ashes, tank-earth, and rarely oil-cake. Whatever 

 quantity of dung the raiyat gets hold of or can afford to 

 apply, he applies and there is no rule observed as to quantity. 

 The application benefits the subsequent rabi crop also, and it 

 is for this reason that Aus paddy is heavily manured. Aus 

 crop grown after potatoes is not manured. 25olbs. (i maund 

 per bigha) of oil-cake per acre is the usual quantity used, 

 when this manure is applied. Tank-earth is applied once 

 in 3 or 4! years, 30 to 100 cart-loads per acre. Solbs. of 

 bone-dust and Solbs. of saltpetre per acre would be a good 

 substitute for oil cake, and would give more yield. The cost 

 would be Rs. 6 or Rs. 7 (i.e. 2 or 2-8 for Solbs. of bone-dust and 

 4.4 or 4-8 for Solbs. of crude saltpetre). The outlay will be 

 more than realised by increased outturn. The bone-dust 

 should be applied at the time of cultivation and the saltpetre 

 after transplanting mixed up thoroughly with the earth along 

 the grooves made for transplanting. 



264. Soil. The soil considered best for the Aus paddy 

 are loam, sandy loam and loamy sand, situated rather high. 



265. Tillage. The first ploughing and cross-ploughing 

 should be done in the cold weather or as soon after the rabi 

 harvest as possible. If the land is too hard to plough, 

 ploughing should be done after the first shower of rain in 

 February or March. The longer the interval allowed between 

 the first ploughing and the sowing the better, hence the 

 importance of doing the ploughing as early as possible. The 

 plough need not be used after the first ploughing and cross- 

 ploughing, but the bakhar may be substituted in its place 

 twice or three times, as occasion will arise, for killing the weeds 

 and preparing a seed-bed. The burning heat of summer will 

 destroy the weed and leave the land clean. Six or seven 

 ploughings are not required if one ploughing and one cross- 

 ploughing are done early in the season. Later, after a fairly 

 heavy shower of rain two successive bakharings followed by 



