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harrowing and laddering will level the land. Sowing should 

 be done by drilling, but transplanting is still better even for 

 Aus. If sowing is done broadcast or by drilling, a light wooden 

 roller should be used to cover the seed and give the land the 

 proper compactness. A rounded log of wood or a beam can be 

 used as a roller. The transplanting should be done at inter- 

 vals of 9 inches, two or three seedlings being planted at each 

 spot. The seed-bed for Aus paddy should be close to water, 

 that it may be kept watered and transplanting done at the 

 very commencement of the regular rainy season, say, about 

 the i5th or 2oth of June. The sowing in seed-bed or in 

 field should be done early in May, and the first heavy shower 

 of rain from the middle of April to the middle of May may be 

 utilized for this purpose, i. e. for final preparation of land and 

 sowing. 15 seers of seed are ample for one acre if transplant- 

 ing is done. If sowing is done broadcast 30 srs. of seed 

 per acre are required ; if drilled 20 srs. will be found suffi- 

 cient. For seed-bed 3 mds. per acre may be sown. Trans- 

 planted paddy (if transplanting is done early, i. e. when the 

 plants are only about 9 inches high) grows more vigorous- 

 ly than paddy grown from broadcasted or drilled seed. 

 Transplanting also gives facility for the after-ploughing 

 operation, or hoeing, or running the spade in lines and over- 

 turning the soil, either of which operations gives vigour to the 

 plants. This ploughing with a small plough called Idngld, 

 or hoeing, or spading, should be done when the transplanted 

 seedlings are well established. Seedlings can be kept even 

 3 or 4 days after uprooting them with impunity, but it is safe 

 to have the bundles of seedlings in damp and shady places, 

 or actually in water if they cannot be planted out at once. 

 The produce of each cottah of seed-bed is made into 30 or 

 32 bundles. The tops of the bundles should be cut off 

 before each is untied and the planting out is done. Before 

 transplanting, water should accumulate in the field and 

 ploughing in puddle should be done. The ladder should be 

 BB 



