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ness with which castor-oil burns, effects a saving of consump- 

 tion ranging from J to | in comparison with other lighting 

 oils, such as kerosine, mustard oil, linseed oil etc. Being 

 comparatively freer from danger and giving little soot it is 

 used in railways all over India. The qualities of castor-oil 

 for keeping the head cool and the pores of the skin and roots 

 of the rnir soft and open, are availed of in the manufacture of 

 golden-oil, pomatum and perfumed oils of various kinds. 

 Cold-drawn castor-oil gives more brilliant light than castor- 

 oil from boiled or roasted seed. The oil therefore extracted 

 from unheated shelled seeds is more valuable. The present 

 price of cold-drawn castor-oil is Rs. 40 or 50 per maund, 

 the extraction of this oil from the seed being mostly done in 

 Europe, The manufacturing of cold-drawn castor oil in India 

 offers a great opening for capitalists. A high class varnish for 

 polishing furniture, oil-painting, maps etc., is prepared out of 

 castor-oil, by dissolving it in alcohol and incorporating into 

 it an alcoholic solution of copal or East Indian dammar. 

 Castor oil agitated with nitric acid is used for lubricating 

 wheels of railway carriages. Castor cake is the best vege- 

 table manure there is. This cake is also used for extracting 

 gas which is actually in use in the Allahabad Railway station 

 for lighting purposes. The East Indian Railway Co. have 

 their own castor-oil mills and they use the oil and cake both 

 for lighting. Castor-oil is also in use for extraction of gas 

 for lighting the streets of Jeypur. As a manure, castor-cake 

 and bone-meal together have been found better for sugar-cane 

 than the; cake alone, while for rice and potatoes castor- 

 cake alone has given the best result in India. Castor- 

 cake is considered injurious to the pan plant, the manure used 

 in pan barojes being mustard-cake. It is a common mistake 

 to suppose that castor-cake is richer in phosphates than lin- 

 seed or rape-seed cakes. Poppy-seed cake is the richest in 

 phosphates and castor-cake is not any richer than rape or 

 lirkse.ed cake in this respect. ; 



