575- " In ^is process the gur is first cast upon flat plat- 

 forms, and as much of the molasses as then flows off is collect- 

 ed as first droppings. The rest is collected, put into sacks 

 and squeezed, and a great deal of the molasses is thus separat- 

 ed out. The sugar which remains behind is then boiled with 

 water in large open pans, and as it boils, all scum is taken 

 off. It is then strained and boiled a second time and 

 left to cool in flat basins. When cool it is already sugar 

 of a rough sort and now shyala leaves are put over it, and it 

 is left to drop. The result is good white sugar, and should 

 any remain at the bottom of the vessels still unrefined, it is 

 again treated with shyala. 



576. i( The first droppings, and the droppings under 

 shyala leaves, are collected, squeezed again in the sacks, and 

 from the sugar left behind, a small quantity of refined sugar 

 is prepared in exactly the same way, by twice boiling. The 

 droppings from the sacks are chitiya gur, and are not used for 

 further sugar manufacture. About 30 per cent, of the original 

 weight of the gur is turned out in the form of pure pucca 

 sugar. 



577. " There remains to be described the English process 

 of refinement used in the factories of Kotchandpur and Chau- 

 gachha. In this, the raw material is mixed with a certain amount 

 of water and boiled in open cisterns, the boiling being accom- 

 plished, not by fire, but by the introduction of steam. The 

 lightre filth now floats to the surface and is skimmed off, while 

 the boiling solution is made to flow away through blanket 

 strainers into another cistern. After this it is boiled to drive off 

 the water. Now, if the mass were raised to boiling tempera- 

 ture, the result would be sugar, granular indeed in structure, 

 but not differing in this respect from native pucca sugar. 

 But if the water be driven off without raising the mass to 

 boiling point, then we get the crisp and sparkling appear- 

 ance which loaf-sugar always has. Whether there is any 

 difference in the substances, I do not know, but so long as 



