6 seers for 6 days (including the quiescent days). Each seoli 

 takes up a circle of 120 trees, 40 going to a mahal or section, 

 and the 120 trees are thus divided into three sections. After 

 taking the jiran and do-kat juice on each mahal, he goes on 

 to the next mahal, and so on to the third, returning to the 

 first mahal after giving it rest for 4 days. Each tree is 

 tapped about 40 times during the four months, and the pro- 

 duce of juice per tree is therefore 120 seers or 3 maunds, 

 and the 30 seolis are able to gather 30 x 120 X 3 maunds of 

 juice. As about 8 maunds of juice go to make i maund of gur t 



. . . 30 X 120 x 3 



the annual yield of gur per circle is - = -= 1,350 mnds. 



o 



the money value of which is about Rs. 4,000. The net pro- 

 fit per circle is therefore nearly Rs. 2,000 per annum. 



CHAPTER LXV. 



SUGAR. 



OUGARS may be classified under two groups, glucoses 

 and sucroses. Honey is a glucose, consisting of two 

 constituents, dextrose (C 6 Hi2 Oe H2 O) which is the more 

 solid portion, and laevulose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) which is the more 

 liquid portion. Cane-sugar (C 12 H 22 O T1 ) and maltose (C 12 

 H 22 C^) come under sucrose. Dextrose occurs also in grapes, 

 and in many juices of plants and it is therefore called grape- 

 sugar. It reduces alkaline solution of cupric hydrate giving 

 a red precipitate of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O), while cane-sugar 

 does not do so unless it is first heated with a dilute acid. 

 This reaction is made use of in estimating the amount of 

 dextrose present in liquids. All sugars are soluble in water 

 and less so in alcohol. Laevulose resembles dextrose except 



