t 390 ] 



combining with lime sinks. For clarifying, about J a tola of 

 slaked lime per ghara of juice will be found ample. Thus 

 clarified and neutralized the juice should be filtered in double 

 flannel bags and then boiled, the impurities floating as scum 

 on the boiling mass being taken off. When thick, the brown 

 sugar is put in casks or earthen pots in which holes are 

 afterwards made to get rid of the molasses. 



(3) To get rid of the molasses more quickly and thorough- 

 ly it is advisable to use a sugar-turbine. A hand sugar-turbine 

 or centrifugal machine is sold by Messrs. Mylne and Fox 

 of Beheea for Rs. 200. When the molasses have run out 

 brown crystals are left behind. These are mixed with warm 

 water into a syrup, lime is added to it, and the mixture is 

 poured into bags made of thick woollen cloth and left to drip 

 through into a vessel below. The liquid though clean is 

 still coloured, and it is made colourless by passing it through 

 a bed of bone-charcoal. This colourless syrup is then put in 

 large copper pans and boiled. When thick enough it is poured 

 into moulds after which we get loaf sugar. The moulds are 

 placed with their small pointed end downwards. Here there 

 are some small holes. Part of the syrup which does not 

 harden flows out into a vessel underneath. This is called 

 'golden syrup.' 



597. Evaporation in a vacuum apparatus, which results in 

 more sparkling crystals, and the separation of molasses by a 

 centrifugal apparatus, are the two specialities of the factory 

 system as distinguished from the cottage system of making 

 sugar, but the Indian cottage system of making raw sugar 

 may be improved. If the preliminary neutralizing and clari- 

 fying of the sugar-cane juice is very carefully done, and alu- 

 minium vessels or earthen handles used, the second filtering 

 through bone-charcoal will not be found necessary. Any 

 excess of lime tends to make the sugar brownish grey in 

 colour, but if phosphoric acid diluted very much with water 

 is first added to the juice and the heating never allowed 



