t 437 1 



in a conical wooden trough 40 inches deep and 20 inches in 

 diameter at the broader base. The bottom of the trough is 

 perforated and fitted on to an iron pan of water set on a 

 masonry furnace. The trough has a tight fitting but movable 

 cover, which is removed for emptying the trough of chips and 

 putting in a fresh quantity. The trough is surrounded by a 

 layer of earth 6" thick to keep the temperature inside it as 

 uniform as possible. A tube, usually made of a bamboo 

 extends from the top of the trough to a condenser, which 

 consists of one wooden trough being placed on another, the 

 lower one containing water, and the upper one which is placed 

 in an inverted position as a sort of cover to the lower one 

 usually containing clean rice straw on which the camphor 

 crystallizes. The lower trough is larger than the upper trough, 

 so that when the former is two thirds full of water, the edges 

 of the latter are just below water. A continuous flow of 

 water is kept up from the upper part of the covering trough, 

 the excess running out from a hole at the top part of the side 

 of the lower trough. The camphor oil floats on the water 

 inside the lower trough, and the camphor crystallizes in the 

 rice straw with which the upper trough is filled or floats in 

 the water at the lower trough along with the oil. After the 

 steam has carried away the essential oil with it, it must not 

 come in contact with metal of any kind so the lid of the 

 trough in which the chips are put, the tube leading to the 

 condenser, and the whole of the condenser must be made of 

 wood or other material but never of metal. One tub full of 

 chips requires 12 hours distilling, 20 to 40 Ibs. of chips yielding 

 about i Ib. of crude camphor. 



671. The distillation of refined camphor out of the crude 

 Japanese or Chinese camphor takes place in Europe. The 

 European nlethods of refining are too delicate and com- 

 plicated for description in a handbook of agriculture. 



672. Tejpdtd (Cinnamonum tamala& C. obtusifolium).-^- 

 Though a native of the Himalayas, growing at an altitude of 



