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Farms in India have led to the conclusion that the application 

 of about 6 tons of cowdung per acre, results in an increased 

 outturn of 300 to 400 Ibs. of wheat (Cawnpore and 

 Dumraon). The figures for Nagpur give an increase of 200 

 to 300 Ibs. In the case of maize the average increase at 

 Cawnpore has been 400 to 500 Ibs. per acre. 

 f 846. Poudrette, or night-soil manure pitted with ashes and 

 town refuse, naturally varies very much in composition. The 

 poudrette formed in deep municipal trenches gives rise to 

 offensive smell, and the Meagher system of utilising night- 

 soil by depositing it on beds and covering these with 3" of 

 soil, is less offensive, as the decomposition in the latter case 

 especially in the dry weather is very rapid. The poudrette 

 made; by drying only, on the continent of Europe, contains 

 about 25 per cent, of moisture, 3 percent, of N, 3 per cent, of 

 Phosphoric acid and \\ per cent, of Potash. Mixed with Ca- 

 So 4 , earth, &c., the poudrette is less valuable as nitrogenous 

 manure containing only 2 percent, of N or less. The poudrette 

 made at Poona was found to contain about i per cent, of 

 N and \ to ij' per cent, of P 2 O 5 . The poudrette made 

 at Cawnpore was found to contain "4 to 'j per cent, of N. 

 The increased outturn from poudrette at Cawnpore from the 

 application of 6 tons per acre has been 500 to 1000 Ibs. of 

 maize and 400 to 600 Ibs. of wheat per acre in excess of the 

 unmanured plots. Weight for weight poudrette has been 

 found a better manure than cowdung. At the Allahabad 

 Grass Farm the amount of night soil applied per acre (on the 

 Meagher system) is 168 tons per acre once in 10 years. The 

 weight of green grass obtained at this Farm varies from 

 10 to 30 tons per acre per annum which is equivalent to 

 3 to 10 tons of hay. A more extended use of night-soil 

 and urine for manure is highly desirable. It is in this res- 

 pect that the Chinese system of agriculture is in advance 

 of the Indian. Town sweepings are less valuable as manure, 

 as they contain about '"3 or '4 per cent, of N, but as it has 



