[ 588 ] 



chaff, i seer of molasses and 24 seers of water, given twice 

 a day. The following mixture is also very good : i seer of 

 oil-cake soaked in hot water, with 5 seers of chaff and a 

 handful of salt, twice a day, 



987. A liberal supply of good drinking water is necessary 

 if good flow of milk is desired. Cows do not drink the same 

 quantity of water at all seasons. If they are given watery or 

 sloppy food they require less water. A middle sized cow 

 should be provided with 10 gallons of water per day, though 

 she may not drink it all. One part of dry food to 4 of water is 

 the proportion in England, but here they require more water. 



988. The flow of milk is also enhanced by rubbing the 

 udder with castor-oil after each milking, supplemented, of 

 course, by proper feeding. Quick milking also excites the 

 milk-glands more than slow milking and an expert milker 

 who can do the work quickly can always get more milk out of 

 a cow than a slow milker. 



989. Milking 4 times a day instead of twice increases the 

 quantity of the milk, but the quality is somewhat inferior. 

 It is always desirable, however, to milk cattle thoroughly and 

 not to spare any milk for calves. Thorough milking not only 

 gives one the last strippings which are richer, but it tends to 

 increase the flow of milk and enlarge the size of the mammary 

 glands. The septum of the mammary glands is along the 

 median line and milking should be done first at one side and 

 then at the other and not, as is sometimes done, at the front 

 teats first and hind teats afterwards. 



990. The calves are allowed for one month to suck as 

 much milk as they can while they learn to pick up a few 

 blades of grass. But after a month restriction should be put 

 on the calf and it should be hand-fed with a mixture of ghol, 

 and barley, or with wheat-meal and linseed-meal, and allowed 

 to pick up grass and other fodder plants. They should be kept 

 as much apart from their dams as possible. Hand-feeding 

 should be practised when the calf is only a week old i. e., 



