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without opening the scrotum is usually practised in this 

 country. This method is, however, not always successful and 

 it is better to open the scrotum and remove the testicles 

 completely with a knife or better still with Kendall's Emas- 

 culator which grinds the spermatic cord and blood vessels 

 instead of cutting them. It is said that daily application of 

 salt to the testicles of calves, inducing mothers to lick the 

 part hard, results in gradual loss of genital functions. This, 

 however, needs confirmation by repeated experiments. Boiled 

 ghee and carbolic acid (20: i) should be rubbed daily at 

 the wound after an animal has been castrated . 



1,000. Docility. Good treatment and constant handling 

 by persons from early age are the best means of making 

 animals docile. Castration is 'practised to bring about doci- 

 lityl ; As an important accessory to rational methods of 

 securing docility of cattle may be also mentioned dehorning. 



i ,qoi. Dehorning. When the horns are just budding in 

 the calf, the hair should be clipped from the skin all round 

 and the little horn moistened with water to which a few drops 

 of ammonia have been added to dissolve the secretion of the 

 skin, that the potash subsequently applied may adhere to the 

 surface of the horn. The skin is not to be moistened except 

 on the horn where the potash is to be applied. A stick of 

 caustic potash is then held and one end of it dipped in water 

 until it is slightly softened. It is then rubbed on the horn. 

 The operation is to be repeated 5 to 8 times until the surface 

 of the horn becomes a little sensitive. Only a scale will 

 be formed, but no inflammation or suppuration of the part, 

 if the operation is carefully performed. There are hornless 

 breeds of cattle which, if otherwise useful, may be selected for 

 breeding. 



1,002. Summary. In rearing cattle, specially for dairy 

 purposes, three things should be constantly kept in mind; viz., 

 Breed, Feed and Trouble. By breed is meant undoubted 

 pedigree, i.e., both the sire and the dim should be known for 



