with rinderpest bile Koch got the important result of being 

 able to immunise animals with 5 c. c. of bile mixed with 

 5 c. c. of ths blood serum. An admixture of rinderpest 

 blood with rinderpest bile, even increases the immunising 

 qualities of the latter. Blood-serum itself has a little im- 

 munising property, but this immunity lasts only for a short 

 period. For protective inoculation on a large scale, a 

 mixture of an immunised animal's blood-serum and virulent 

 rinderpest blood was found by Koch to be of great value. 

 To prepare this serum, the blood is taken from the 

 jugular vein and conveyed into an air-tight bottle and allowed 

 - to remain for 24 hours in a place kept as cool as possible 

 and not disturbed. The fibrin and serum will be then 

 found to have formed. 



1,017. The following paragraphs on the " Serum simulta* 

 neous method" of inoculation are taken from a report of Dr. 

 Lingard, Imperial Bacteriologist, dated 5th January 1901:* 

 " Serum Simultaneous method. This method, which has 

 been very widely adopted in South Africa with most 

 encouraging results, consists in injecting a small dose of 

 protective serum on one side of the animal's body and at the 

 same time a small dose of virulent rinderpest blood on the 

 opposite side. A mild form of the disease is produced in 90 

 per cent, of the animals, with a loss of only one-half per cent* 

 and with the production of a permanent immunity, while the 

 other 10 per cent, are also protected for some months even 

 though they fail to react to the inoculation. In this coh'neo 

 tion I would point out that when a totally unprotected animal 

 is- sub-cutaneously inoculated with the most virulent blood, it * 

 shows no symptoms of disease previous to the 3rd, 4th or 

 5th day following inoculation and then only does the tempera* 

 ture begin to rise. It is not until at least three days later 

 vi'8. } the 6th, 7th to 8th day that any symptoms of rinderpest 

 become manifest. Therefore in practical field-inoculations 

 it has to be first ascertained whether the disease is already 



