1.207. Of the muscidae insects may be mentioned : (i) Da- 

 cus ferruginous, the grubs of which are found in ripe mangoes, 

 and (2) Carpomyia parctalina which is very destructive to 

 gourds, melons, cucumbers, &c. 



1.208. Of Cecidomyiidae may be mentioned Cecidomyia 

 oryzae, a minute fly which attacks paddy, chiefly aus paddy. 



1.209. Bot-flies do a great deal of damage to ox-hides. 

 They live in the larval state either in stomachs of animals, or 

 in tumours under their skin, or in their nose and frontal 

 sinuses. The class of bot-flies called Hypoderma or War- 

 bles, spoil hides of oxen. Tanners can doctor up the holes 

 made by the botflies, but hides with such minute holes are 

 classed as second class hides. Rubbing of kerosine, when 

 cattle are troubled with these flies, is the best treatment. 



1.210. Fleas (pishu] which are parasitic on domestic fowls, 

 dogs, cats, &c., pass their larval stage in dust, and they must 

 be looked upon as a sign of general uncleanness of the house 

 and the animals affected. The pulicidae or fleas are without 

 wings. Their bite produces blister in man, but they do not 

 thrive on human skin. The best prevention of fleas for 

 domestic fowls is the dust bath. If the dust consists partly 

 of ashes and lime fleas get little chance. 



1.21 1. We may just mention here the Tachinid parasites, 

 Trycolyga bombycis and Masicera grandis which ' blow ' the 

 silkworm and the tusser silkworm respectively. 



1.212. Hemiptera (Rhynchota). These are devided into 

 two groups, the H. Heteroptera and the H. Homoptera. (i) 

 The Hemiptera Heteroptera have their fore-wings horny and 

 the hind-wings (as also the tips of the fore-wings, as a rule), 

 membranous ; usually provided with a scutellum or shield- 

 like protection ; antennae long, 4 or 5 jointed ; head gene- 

 rally free. This group includes the capsidae or plant-bugs 

 and the membranacei or parasitic bugs (e.g., Cimex lectu- 

 larius, the ordinary bed and chair bug, or chhar-pokd}. (2) 

 The Hemiptera Homoptera have their head soldered to 



