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result of a fermentation caused by a toxine or poison 

 secreted by the microbes. In the effort to counteract the 

 poison the tissues burn more vigorously, /. e. t consume more 

 oxygen. Hence the utility of giving plenty of fresh air to 

 animals suffering from pathogenic diseases. The products 

 of combustion carrying away the poison are excreted by 

 the kidneys and the sweat-glands. The toxines separate 

 themselves out from the microbes in urine, sweat, bile, &c. t 

 and it has been found that the toxines injected into the blood 

 of animals have the power of producing fermentation as evi- 

 denced by fever. The toxines separated from the microbes 

 have been found in some cases most useful prophylatic 

 agents against those very diseases which are caused by those 

 microbes from which the toxines were derived. In two 

 diseases, m'z., diphtheria and glanders the ' anti-toxin treat- 

 ment,' has proved most valuable. Dr. Roux's Diphtheria 

 Serum is prepared by first cultivating the pure virus or germ 

 of diphtheria irr meat broth for some weeks. The liquid 

 portion is then filtered off from the bacilli and the clear 

 liquid is injected under the skin of a horse. Minute doses 

 are used at first, but after a time the animal is able to with- 

 stand large doses, and it then becomes immune against the 

 disease. The blood-serum of a horse thus immunised is the 

 valuable cure for diphtheria which is now in general use in 

 Europe. The substance called Mallein which is used for 

 diagnosing and sometimes also for curing glanders, is a 

 fluid similarly prepared. Glanders is communicable not only 

 from horse to horse, but also to human beings, dogs, goats, 

 donkeys and mules. It is a disease caused by a bacillus 

 (Bacillus mallei) which appears in the form of an obstinate 

 running cold. Another form of this disease is called Farcy 

 in which the skin of the face and neck of the horse is 

 affected by streaky sores. The bacillus can be collected 

 from inside these sores and cultivated in broth at the temper- 

 ature of 98F. for 30 days. The culture is afterwards 



