t 776 ] 



the case of anthrax, according to Pasteur's method, also at 

 two, and according to Chauveau's methods only at one stage. 

 When the tissues come in contact with the vaccines some 

 chemical alteration probably goes on not sufficient to cause 

 death, but producing oedema or fever, or some slight disease, 

 But the animals getting over this slight disease evidently 

 acquire a new constitution, in which the tissues become in- 

 vincible to the attack of the violent virus also. 



! '337- Preparation of Vaccines for Charbon. An 

 animal dying of charbon can be easily distinguished from one 

 dying of anthrax from the various tests mentioned at the 

 beginning of this Chapter. 



1,338. The muscles of the specially affected portion are 

 cut out, triturated well in an ordinary mortar, and the juice 

 squeezed out. The juice so squeezed out is put in a shallow 

 plate to allow of its getting dry before putrefaction sets in. 

 Putrefaction means generation of other organisms, which may 

 displace the organisms of charbon altogether if allowed to go 

 on. When the juice is completely dry, it is scraped out with 

 a knife, pounded into dust, and stored in a dry bottle and 

 in a dry place. The organisms retain their vitality in this 

 dry condition for over two years. When a little of this dust 

 is taken within two years, mixed up with water, and syringed 

 into a guinea-pig, or a cow, or sheep, the animal dies in 

 24 hours of charbon, with all the characteristic symptoms. 



1339 It is this dry virulent dust that is used in preparing 

 the two vaccines, the premier and the deuxieme, for applying 

 the two successive injections to animals to protect them 

 against the disease in the districts where it is prevalent. In 

 the Swiss pastures it is very prevalent. In Algeria it is 

 also prevalent, but it does not invariably end fatally as in 

 Europe. In Bengal, cultivators recognise it as a more fatal 

 disease than go-basanta. 



1,340. The virulent powder is first rendered into very fine 

 dust before it is mixed with water. The mixture is made with 



