vaccine seed when it is obtained; and how, with the broth 

 which is also supplied by this laboratory, the small quantity 

 of vaccine seed can be made to produce a large quantity of 

 vaccine for the purpose of inoculating animals on a large 

 scale. 



1,351. It may be here asked, why not get vaccine from 

 Pasteur's laboratory directly instead of mixing the seed with 

 the broth in India, and thus making it necessary to have a 

 laboratory containing such implements as the Etuve Pasteur, 

 another etuve for sterilizations, blowpipes, gas, glasses of 

 different kinds, and so on ? Why not get the vaccine ready 

 made from Pasteur's laboratory as is done in European coun- 

 tries ? The objection to this lies in the fact that the bacillus 

 anthracis is an aerobic germ requiring air or oxygen to keep 

 it alive. Spores of the bacillus, however, can live without 

 air. But spores alone, if introduced by inoculation into the 

 bodies of animals, may or may not germinate. Vaccination 

 with spores alone is very uncertain. Even in sending vaccine 

 to European countries packed up tightly it is necessary to put 

 in a little vaccine which contains a large proportion of spores. 

 The filaments do generally retain their vitality for two or 

 three days, and even more, but probably because there is 

 always a little air in suspension in the vaccine, and also a 

 little between the fluid and the stopper. The cases of failure 

 in Europe with Pasteur's vaccine may be ^explained in fact 

 from this very circumstance. Sometimes when the vaccine is 

 applied all the aerobic filamentous bacilli are dead, and the 

 spores,though alive, fail by their nature to vegetate inside the 

 animal body, and no vaccination takes place. It is for this 

 reason necessary to have a laboratory in a place which is 

 several days' journey from Pasteur's laboratory. 



1,352. It is not necessary to depend upon Pasteur's 

 laboratory for seed, i.e., the vaccine spores, but it can be 

 prepared by one of the methods already described. But 

 whether the vaccine is received from Pasteur's laboratory as 



