178 How THE FARM PAYS. 



purpose. This instrument is simply a silver tube one-sixteenth of an 

 inch in diameter and three inches long, and perforated near the top 

 as shown in cut. It should be inserted in the teats and passed above 

 the obstruction. The small slide is pushed up or down to shorten or 

 lengthen the tube. I have also imported a milker which has been 



COW MILKEK. 



recommended by the best dairymen in England and Scotland. 

 I would not recommened this to be used constantly, but where the 

 teats are sore it is of great value. Milking is done by my boys and 

 men. Their hands must be washed clean, and if any filth gathers on 

 the udder or teats of the cows, they are also washed and wiped dry with 

 a clean towel. The milk is strained into cans twenty inches deep and 

 eight inches in diameter, which are covered and carried immediately 

 into the dairy, where the milk is strained in the winter time 

 into a creamery which contains pans five feet long and twenty inches 

 wide and about seven inches deep, thus giving a large surface for the 

 cream. In cold winter weather we get the milk up to a temperature 

 of sixty degrees by the simple process of placing a tin can filled 

 with boiling water and corked tight, in the bottom of the creamery, 

 the door of which is then shut. Judgment must be used to regulate 

 the quantity of hot water, so as to keep as near as possible to the desired 

 temperature ; it will require nearly double the quantity of hot water 

 to raise the temperature of the milk to sixty, when the thermometer 

 marks ten below zero, than when it is ten above it. Over the milk 

 or at the ends of these pans are ventilators, so that the bad air can pass 

 off, but this we only practice for a few months in the winter time 

 during the coldest weather. The remainder of the year the milk is 

 set in a creamery holding six cans about twenty-four inches in depth 

 and nine inches in diameter. These cans are covered with lids having 

 chimneys or ventilators in the top. The cans are surrounded by cold 



