TAPE WOKMS OF SHEEP AND PIGS. 259 



to sheep owners from this cause, which has seriously reduced the profits 

 from their flocks. The sheep dying of this disease are cast out to be 

 devoured by dogs, which swallow the embryo worms and so become 

 infested. It is said that twenty-five per cent, of the dogs are carrying 

 these worms, and if this be a fact, along with the other fact, that thousands 

 of sheep are yearly destroyed by the ravages of dogs, it is easily seen 

 how this pest is so abundantly spread over our fields and through our 

 flocks, while the effective remedy is obvious. 



Other species of tape worms inhabit the lungs and other organs of 

 sheep, cattle and pigs, being found in the lungs, liver, spleen, bowels, 

 kidneys, brain and various other parts. Thus it is seen how easily, 

 through insufficient cooking of the meat, these parasites may be carried 

 into the human system, and how dangerous it is to eat uncooked flesh 

 of any kind. It is declared by competent authorities that one-sixth 

 of the mortality in the East Indies and in Iceland is caused by these 

 tape worms taken into the stomach in raw or partly cooked meat. 

 Also it must be obvious to intelligent farmers that every possible 

 precaution should be taken to prevent the spread of these dangerous 

 parasites. 



THE SWINE BLADDER WORM (THE MEASLE). 



A tape worm which infests swine to a dangerous and disastrous 

 extent is here shown. It is a small worm, and is especially noticeable 

 because this passes between mankind and the pig, and in man pro- 

 duces fatal disorder of the brain in many cases. The engravings 



SWINE MEASLE, ENLARGED. HEAD OF MEASLE TAPE WORM. 



show the form of the head of the mature worm, and also the small 

 bladder in which the young worm is contained, and which is found 

 in the flesh of the infested pigs. The nature of this worm indicates 

 the proper means of avoiding it. As it infests mankind, it is 

 dangerous to use night soil as a fertilizer for grass or any vegetable 

 that is eaten in a raw state, as lettuce or radishes, or to permit pigs 

 to have access to any place where they can devour filth in which the 

 eggs may exist. And to prevent its spread from the swine, it is 

 necessary to be careful that pork in any form is thoroughly well 

 cooked. The well known disease in pigs called " measles " is produced 



