37G How THE FARM PAYS. 



which is generally preferable, should be done from the 15th October 

 to the 15th November, and spring planting as soon as the ground is 

 free from frost and dry enough to work. 



The after treatment of a young orchard should be as follows: For 

 the first three years such crops as potatoes, beans or turnips, that are 

 cultivated and manured, may be grown, but no others, both to 

 manure the ground, destroy weeds and for the sake of the cultivation, 

 the trees being hoed as the rest of the crop. Afterwards the ground 

 may be sown to clover, but not to grass, as a sod is injurious to a 

 young orchard, although it may be permitted in an established one. 



APPLES. 



Apples being a crop that can be shipped from any distance, unless 

 they are known to do well in a locality, had better not be grown 

 largely, as, if the locality is not suited to their growth, they are not 

 likely to be satisfactory. However, as the trees cost but little, a hun- 

 .dred or two is a necessity for the farmer, if only for his own use. 

 They should be planted at about thirty feet apart each way. The 

 kinds best suited for most localities are, for early, Early Harvest, 

 Sour Bough and Red Astrachan; for fall, Twenty Ounce Pippin and 

 Fall Pippin; for winter, Baldwin, Greening, Eambo, King and 

 Northern Spy. The caution may be given, that even if a hundred 

 acres should be planted, only a few varieties should be chosen. As a 

 guide to the choice of varieties for a northern locality it might be 

 mentioned that at the exhibition of fruits held in November, 1883, 

 by the London Horticultural Society, the following varieties were 

 sent from Nova Scotia, viz.: Ribstone Pippin, Baldwin, Rhode Island 

 Greening, Newtown Pippin, Hubbardston's, Tallman's, King's and 

 Blue Pearmain. All these were remarkable for their quality and 

 size, indicating that these kinds are especially suitable for a cold 

 climate. 



PEARS. 



Pears, like apples, are adapted to certain localities, although, as a 

 rule, they are usually a more certain crop in most sections, and when 

 the dwarf varieties are planted they come into bearing more 

 quickly than apples do. When standard pears, so called, only were 

 grown, it required a life-time to get them into bearing; but the dwarf 

 kinds, which are grafted on the quince stock, will fruit in two or 

 three years after planting. The dwarf varieties can be planted at ten 

 feet apart each way, while the standard sorts require about the same 



