PART I. 



INSTINCT AND INTELLIGENCE DIFFER ESSEN. 

 TIALLY. 



CHAPTER II. 

 Instinct and Final Tendency. 



'THE views of scientific men on the nature of instinct 

 and instinctive activity are so widely divergent that 

 any endeavor of securing general acceptance for a pre- 

 cise definition of the terms seems to be a hopeless task. 

 Still it is necessary to make the attempt; for without 

 clear definitions and premises it is impossible to treat a 

 question fairly or to arrive at clear conclusions. The 

 clear sky lies beyond the clouds and the haze of the 

 atmosphere. What, then, do we understand by in- 

 stinct? Sense experience or well observed facts, and 

 not preconceived ideas, are to furnish the necessary 

 data from which we determine the characteristics act- 

 ually common to all instinctive activity. But in 

 appealing to facts and common sense it is well to re- 

 main on neutral ground; we shall restrict our present 

 investigation to actions that are not and cannot be 

 modified by any experience and are acknowledged 

 alike by friend and foe to belong to the category ot 

 instinctive activity. In this supposition we shall 

 show first of all that all actions proceeding from in- 

 stinct necessarily involve a final tendency. 



(16) 



