PART II. . 

 ANIMALS HAVE NO INTELLIGENCE. 



CHAPTER VII. 

 The "Intelligence" of "The Lower Animals". 



I Tis true, that most modern naturalists, as was men- 

 tioned before, deny the difference in quality 

 between the human mind and the animal soul which 

 is strenuously upheld by Catholic philosophy. They 

 consider themselves and their ideas as a "product and 

 a subject of universal evolution". "Surely," as Pro- 

 fessor W. M. Wheeler says, when commenting on 

 Wasmann's views, "the sciences of comparative phy- 

 siology, anatomy and embryology, not to mention 

 paleontology, distribution and taxonomy must have 

 been cultivated to little purpose during the nineteenth 

 century, if we are to rest satisfied with the scholastic 

 definition of ratiocination as an adequate and final 

 verity. And surely no one who is conversant with 

 modern biological science will accept the views that 

 the power of abstract ratiocinative thought, which is 

 absent in infants and young children, scarcely deve- 

 loped in savages, and highly developed and generally 

 manifested only in the minority of civilized men, has 

 miraculously ( ! ) sprung into existence in full panoply 

 like the daughter of Jove. " 1 ) 



l ) The American Naturalist, vol. XXXV (1901), p. 873. 

 (77) 



