THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE " HIGHER ANIMALS " . 107 



result of mere accident and am sure that anyone who 

 had watched the experiments would agree. " l ) 



In the case of cats the experiment was so arranged 

 that through a screen the cat which was to imitate 

 another one could see its guide pull the string, go out 

 through the door thus opened and eat the food out- 

 side. The result was the same, as in the case of the 

 chicks. There was not the slightest difference be- 

 tween their behavior and that of those who were put 

 into the same position without ever having seen an- 

 other one escape from it. "No one, I am sure, who 

 had seen them, would have claimed that their con- 

 duct was influenced by what they had seen. When 

 they did hit the string, the act looked just like the 

 accidental success of the ordinary association experi- 

 ments." 2 ) 



Dogs, too, completely failed to comprehend the 

 simple idea "that what gives another food will give it 

 to them also. ' ' 



No. 3, for instance, had been found to be unable 

 to escape from a box of himself. A chance was given 

 him to learn it from No. 1. No. 3 could see and 

 study every move of No. t. And yet what was the 

 result. Here is the record: 8 ) 



') 1. c., p. 54. 



2 ) I.e., p. 57. 



3 ) 1. c.,p. 60. 



