364 



AMERICAN BEJ£ JOURNAL.. 



stroth's book on bee-keeping, which he 

 read with avidity and delight from 

 cover to cover. Almost immediately he 

 made his first attempt with the bar- 

 frame hive, but he was not at first suc- 

 cessful. About five years ago he com- 

 menced the work of scientific bee-keep- 

 ing in real earnest. Finding such an 

 absorbing pleasure in queen-rearing, 

 and being so admirably located for the 

 purpose, his chief attention is devoted to 

 that section of the bee-keepers' art. The 

 famous Ligurian, or leather-colored Ital- 

 ian strain, is exclusively reared. The 

 Hunter River apiary now numbers over 

 100 colonies, and was awarded a highly 

 commended certificate by the Govern- 

 ment, both in 1891 and 1892. He reg- 

 ularly makes importations from Italy 

 for the purpose of maintaining the char- 

 acter of his bees. 



No. 6. — Major Shallard, Secretary of 

 the Union, commenced bee-keeping in 

 1882, at Granville. In 1886 he pur- 

 chased the Blue Mountain Bee-Farm, at 

 Glenbrook, which contained 160 hives; 

 in 1887 he started an out-apiary at 

 Seven Hills of 200 colonies ; in 1888 

 he started a home depot in Sydney to 

 dispose of his crops ; in 1889 he started 

 another out-apiary of 200 colonies, and 

 at present has 850 colonies. He never 

 exhibits at shows, or competes for the 

 national prizes. He was instrumental 

 in starting the New South Wales Bee- 

 Keepers' Association in 1886, and of 

 which he is at present Secretary. 



No. 7. — Mr. R. Scobie, M.L.A., Presi- 

 ient, may be said to have grown up 

 .v^ith bees around him, his father having 

 kept black bees on their farm since 

 1839, when he used to get £5 per 

 swarm for them. He has always taken 

 a lively interest in the bees, but his well- 

 known orchard on the Hunter River has 

 prevented him from doing much active 

 work with them. He was elected Presi- 

 dent of the Hunter River Bee-Keepers' 

 Association in 1887, and has been an- 

 nually re-elected since. His father, who 

 is in his 91st year, claims to have been 

 one of the first, if not the first, import- 

 ers of bees into the colony. 



No. 8. — Mr. Albert Gale, Vice-Presi- 

 dent, is another old bee-keeper, having 

 kept bees in the old straw-skep in Mon- 

 mouthshire, in 1858. About 25 years 

 ago he kept bees on the Clarence river 

 in gin-cases and boxes, using the old- 

 fashioned 6-pound boxes as a super. 

 From there he moved to the Monaro dis- 

 trict some 18 years ago, taking his bees 

 with him, and eight years later he 

 located at (lordon, near Sydney, where 



he kept some 18 colonies in Berlepsch 

 hives, which, however, he eventually 

 discarded in favor of the Langstroth. 

 He was appointed apicultural lecturer 

 by the Government in 1889, and has 

 been doing useful work for the bee-in- 

 dustry ever since, his lectures drawing 

 crowds, and embracing the whole colony. 



Major Shallard, the Honorable Secre- 

 tary of the recently formed Bee-Keepers' 

 Union, kindly sent us the photographs 

 of the group of oiScers, and said that 

 when the association is in "full swing," 

 it will have a membership of about 500. 

 It is the most important society of its 

 kind in Australia. We wish it every 

 success imaginable. 



In this department will be answered those 

 questions needing immediate attention, and 

 such as are not of suflBcient special interest to 

 require replies from the '20 or more apiarists 

 who help to make "Queries and Replies" so 

 interesting on another page. In the main, It 

 will contain questions and answers upon mat- 

 ters that particularly interest beginners.— Ed. 



When to Move the Hives Lower. 



I have 8 colonies of Italian bees 

 placed on benches two feet from the 

 ground. I want to place them on the 

 ground, or rather on sawdust. When is 

 the best time to change them, in the 

 fall or in the spring ? I think the Bee 

 Journal is the very thing for beginners. 



Listonburg, Pa. L. M. Lininger. 



Answer. — Care must always be taken 

 in moving bees from one location to 

 another, but as you intend to leave your 

 bees on the same location, merely lower- 

 ing them, no such care is needed, and 

 you can let them down at any time that 

 suits your own convenience. After the 

 hives are lowered, there will be a good 

 deal of confusion among the bees flying 

 around the places where the entrances 

 formerly were, but after a little each 

 bee will settle down to its own hive, 

 that being the nearest to the place it is 

 accustomed to. 



Symptoms of Foul Brood. 



I have read a great deal in the Bee 

 JouKNAi. about foul brood, and it is very 

 important that I should know, while 



