ROOT-CROPS 141 



conditions for them. From May 20 to June 20 inclusive would be 

 the proper time for sowing carrots in this latitude. They do not make 

 much growth until the heat of summer is past. The seedlings are 

 very feeble, and require much hand tillage; but after harvest time 

 is over, and especially after August and September rains, carrots make 

 vigorous growth until late in the autumn. As the root grows mainly 

 below the surface of the ground, they need not be harvested as early 

 as mangels. They may remain out of doors, and will continue to in- 

 crease somewhat in size until the ground begins to freeze. It is better to 

 harvest them before bad weather sets in. 



Rutabagas do not require as long a season in which to mature as do 

 carrots or mangels. They are also sensitive to drought during mid- 

 summer. In order to have them mature at a time in the autumn when 

 they are wanted for feed or to store away for winter use, it is best to 

 plant the seed from June 1 to 20 inclusive. The seed germinates 

 readily, and the plants soon become large enough to till easily. From 

 seed sown in June, the crop will usually mature by October 1, 

 which is early enough for stock-feeding purposes. They may be left out 

 of doors until cold weather comes, in November. 



White turnips of different sorts will mature in a comparatively short 

 time. They also are sensitive to summer drought, and therefore it is 

 best to sow the seed fom July 20 to 30 inclusive. Even then their suc- 

 cess is dependent very largely on the amount of moisture in the soil 

 at the time of sowing and during the month that follows. If conditions 

 are favorable, they will mature by November 1, and as they are not 

 easily damaged by frost, they can be allowed to remain out of doors until 

 freezing weather sets in. 



White turnips are frequently sown as a catch-crop after a crop of 

 early potatoes has been removed, or at the last cultivation of a field of 

 corn which has been planted early. Sown in this way, the cost of grow- 

 ing them is low and consistent with their value for feeding purposes. 



Of the four types of root-crops named, the mangels are the most 

 reliable in this locality, and the carrots the most expensive to grow. 



Methods of Keeping and Storing Fruits and Vegetables 



Apples. 



1. Keep the fruit as cool as possible without freezing. Choose 

 only normal fruit, and place it upon trays in a moist but well-ventilated 



