APPLE INSECTS 309 



lice crawling about on the bark. When these young appear, 

 spray with kerosene emulsion, diluted with 6 parts of water, 

 or whale-oil, or any good soap, 1 pound in 4 or 5 gallons of 

 water. Where trees are regularly sprayed with lime-sulfur as 

 for the San Jose scale or blister mite, the oyster-shell scale is 

 usually controlled. 



Scurfy Scale {Chionaspis f urfurus) . — This whitish, pear-shaped 

 scale, about one-eighth inch in length, often incrusts the bark, 

 giving it a scurfy appearance. It hibernates as purplish eggs 

 under the old scales. 



Treatment. — Spray as recommended for Oyster-shell Scale 

 (p. 308). 



Tent-caterpillars {Malacosoma americana and M. disstria). — 

 Larva, nearly two inches long, spotted and striped with yellow, 

 white, and black ; feeding upon the leaves. They congregate in 

 tents or in clusters on the bark at night and in cool weather, and 

 forage out upon the branches during the day. 



Treatment. — Arsenicals, as for Codlin-moth (p. 306). Bum 

 out nests with torch, or cut them out and crush the larvae. Pick 

 off egg masses from twigs during winter and spring. 



Tussock-moth {Hemerocampa lencostigma) . — A handsome, red- 

 headed, yellow and black tufted caterpillar, about an inch long, 

 which devours the leaves and sometimes eats into the fruit. 



Remedial. — Collect the frothy egg-masses in fall and winter 

 and band the trees to prevent a reinfestation by migrating cater- 

 pillars. Spray with arsenicals as for codlin-moth, taking care to 

 cover the under side of the leaves. 



Twig-borer (Schistoceros hamatus). — Beetle, three-eighths inch 

 long, cylindrical and dark brown, boring into twigs of apple, pear, 

 and other trees. The beetle enters just above a bud. 



Treatment. — Burn the twigs. The early stages are passed in 

 dying wood such as prunings, diseased canes, and in upturned 

 roots. Burn such rubbish, and thus destroy their breeding- 

 places. This is also a grape pest. 



TwiG-PRUNER (Elaphidion villosum) .— Yellowish white larvae, 

 about a half inch long, boring into young twigs, causing them to 

 die and break off. 



Treatment. — Burn the twigs. 



