MUSHROOM — ORANGE 323 



Mushroom. Mushroom-fly. — The maggot bores through the 

 stems of the mushrooms before they are full grown. 



Preventive. — Keep the beds cool so that the fly cannot develop. 

 When the fly is present, growing mushrooms in warm weather is 

 usuallj^ abandonded. 

 Onion. Maggot {Pegomya cepetorum). — Much hke the Cabb.\ge 

 Maggot, which see (p. 312). 



Remedies. — Carbolic acid emulsion. Bisulfid of carbon. 

 Thrips (Thrips tabaci). — Minute elongate yellowish insects that 

 cause a wilting and dying of the tops. 



Treatment. — Clean culture, kerosene emulsion, tobacco extracts. 



Orange and Lemon. Purple Scale (Lepidosaphes beckii). — An 



elongate brownish purple scale resembling an oyster-shell in shape. 



Treatment. — Fumigation, using heavy dosage. 



Red-scai£ {Aspidiotus aurantii). — A nearly circular reddish or 



yellowish scale. 



Treatment. — Fumigation. Distillate. 

 Black-scale {Saissetia olece). — A large soft-bodied dark brown 

 or nearly black scale. 



Treatment. — Fumigation. Distillate. 

 Mealy-bug (Pseudococcus citri). — A mealy white soft-bodied 

 insect nearly one-fourth inch long, occurring in masses in the 

 angles of the branches, axils of the leaves, and around the stem 

 of the fruit. 



Treatment. — Fumigation. Destruction of all rubbish under 

 the trees. 

 Red-spider (Tetranychus sexmaculatus) . — Minute greenish yellow 

 mites found on the leaves. See p. 304. 



Treatment. — Dry sulfur, or sulfur and water used as a spray. 

 White-fly {Aleyrodes citri and A. nubifera). — The immature stages 

 are found on the underside of the leaves and are scale-like in form. 

 The adults are minute white-winged flies. 



Trea^men^. — Fumigation. Fungous diseases (p. 290). 

 Rust-mite (Phytoptus oleivorns). — A minute mite, causing the rust 

 on oranges and lemons. 



Treatment. — Sulfur, dry or as a spray. 

 Thrips {Eidhrips citri). — A minute, active, yellow insect that 

 scars the fruit and curls and distorts the leaves. 



