506 MASOX WORK. CEMENTS, PAINTS, GLUES, WAXES 



For walks. 



5. Walks should always have a well-made foundation of stones or 

 brickbats to give hardness and insure drainage. The top of the walk 

 may be made of gravel, sifted coal ashes, cinders from foundries, fur- 

 naces, etc. If gravel is used, care should be exercised to avoid the round 

 or washed gravel, particularly that lying in the beds of streams, for it 

 will not pack. One part of clean clay to four or five of gravel makes 

 a good walk. Or the following old English recipes may be used (6-10) : 



6. One part mineral pitch, 1 part resin, 7 parts chalk, and 2 

 parts coarse sand. Boil together, and lay it while in a hot state, adding 

 a little gravel. 



7. Boil for a short time 18 parts of mineral pitch and 18 parts 

 of resin in an iron kettle ; then add 60 parts of coarse sand, mix 

 well and lay on the path to the thickness of one inch ; then sift a 

 little fine gravel over it and beat it down before the cement sets. 



8. Put down a coat of tar, and sift some road sand or coal ashes over 

 it very thickly. When this is dry, repeat the operation until you have 

 four coats of tar and as many of coal ashes or road sand. 



9. Two parts of thoroughly dried sand, one part cinders, thoroughly 

 dried. Mix together ; then spread the sand and cinders on the ground 

 and make a hole in the center, into which pour boiling-hot tar and 

 mix into a stiff paste ; then spread on the walk, beat and roll. 



10. Two parts lime rubbish and one part coal ashes, both very dry 

 and finely sifted ; in the middle of the heap make a hole; into this 

 pour boiling-hot coal-tar ; mix to a stiff mortar and spread on the 

 ground two or three inches thick. The ground should be dry and 

 beaten well. Cover with coarse sand ; when cold, roll well. 



11. Cement walks. A good method of making concrete walks is 

 to lay four to six inches on well-drained compact ground in propor- 

 tion of 1 part cement to 6 of binder, as: 40 shovels fine cinders, 15 

 shovels sharp sand, 1 sack portland cement. Put on a finish, while 

 the under part is not hard set, made of 30 shovels screened sharp 

 sand and 1 sack portland. Also used for borders and gutters. 



For foundations 



12. Concrete foundations for buildings and heavy work may be 

 made of portland cement, 2 parts; sand, 7 parts; grav^el, 1 part. 



