15 



square feet. As soon as all dripping bad ceased the grass 

 under the tree was all cut, very gently and very close to the 

 ground. This was taken to the chemical laboratory and 

 analyzed b}'' Dr. R. C. Kedzie. There was found two and 

 two-tenths grains of arsenic. Now as our authorities say 

 that one grain is a poisonous dose for a dog, two for a man, 

 ten for a cow and twenty for a horse, there would seem to 

 be small danger from pasturing our orchards during and 

 immediately after spraying, especially as no animal would 

 eat the sprayed grass exclusively. To test this fully, I 

 sprayed a large tree over some bright tender grass and 

 clover. I then cut the clover carefully, close to the ground, 

 and fed it all to my horse. It was all eaten up in an hour 

 or two, and the horse showed no signs of any injury. This 

 mixture, remember, was of double the proper strength, was 

 applied very thoroughly, and all the grass fed to and eaten 

 by the horse. This experiment was repeated w^ith the same 

 result. I next secured three sheep. These were kept till 

 hungr3^ then put in a pen about a tree under which was rich, 

 juicy June grass and clover. The sheep soon ate the grass, 

 yet showed no signs of any injury. This experiment was 

 repeated twice with the same result. It seems to me that 

 these experiments are crucial and settle the matter fully. 

 The analyses show that there is no danger ; the experiments 

 confirm the conclusion. 



" Thus we have it demonstrated that the arsenites are 

 eftective against the codling moth, that in their use there is 

 no danger of poisoning the fruit, and when used properly 

 no danger to the foliage, nor to stock that may be pastured 

 in the orchard." 



* " Not only hundreds of tons, but thousands of tons of these 

 mineral poisons have been employed during the past decade 

 by farmers throughout the country, whether to protect the 

 potato crop, or the cotton crop, or other products of the soil 

 from the ruinous attacks of insects. The general experience 

 during this long period and over the whole country is so 

 emphatically in favor of their use, and their perfect safety 

 and harmlessness, with ordinary precautions, as to render 



• Fourth Report United States Entomological Commission. 



