AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



459 



He next made a hive with bars on top 

 1}£ inches wide, and attached comb 

 starters to them. He was astonished 

 when he saw the Langstroth frame, 

 that he did not see the necessity of end 

 and bottom pieces. 



Dr. Marshall came to Texas in 1854, 

 and in 1855 started an apiary of some 

 20 colonies. In 1865 he first began to 

 use the Langstroth hive, and in 1866 

 procured the first Italian queen, and 



REV. W. K. MARSHALL. D. n. 



probably the first that was brought to 

 Texas. 



With the movable frames, the Italian 

 bee, and with his own discoveries, and 

 those of others, he commenced progres- 

 sive bee-keeping. At one time his apiary 

 run up to 350 colonies, and he secured, 

 one year, 20 tons of honey. 



Dr. Marshall took the Amekcian Bee 

 Journal, when first published at Wash- 

 ington, D. C, and, as he supposes, the 

 first, and at that time the only bee- 

 paper published in the United States. 



ne has written largely on bee-culture, 

 for the home papers, and has been an 

 active member of the Texas State Bee- 

 Keepers' Association. 



He has been a close observer, and 

 much of his knowledge in bee-culture is 

 the result of his own observation and 

 experience. Though in his 84th year, 

 he is an active worker in bee-culture, 

 and in every other good cause. 



" Foul Brood " is often the cry 

 when brood has died from some other 

 cause. Ernest Root has been describ- 

 ing some cases of dead brood that ap- 

 peared in two or three colonies in their 

 Shane yard. The cappings were per- 

 forated and sunken, and the dead larvae 

 was of a coffee color, but two decisive 

 symptoms of foul brood were lacking, 

 viz.: ropiness and the " glue-pot odor." 

 In one case the queen died, and a cell 

 was given. When the new queen began 

 to lay, her brood was healthy. The 

 other cases of the disease, or whatever 

 it was, finally disappeared of themselves. 



A bee-keeper a few miles from Medina, 

 reported similar experiences. Mr. Root 

 thinks that this trouble, whatever it is, 

 has often been mistaken for the real, 

 virulent foul brood, and perhaps been 

 cured (?) by the use of salt, carbolic 

 acid, or some other nostrum. That is, 

 some such "medicine" was used, and, 

 as the trouble disappeared, it was nat- 

 urally supposed that foul brood had 

 been cured. — B.-K. R. 



Prof. L,. H. Pammel, of the 



State Agricultural College at Des Moines, 

 Iowa, has sent us a 60-page pamphlet 

 which contains one of his interesting 

 lectures and also two essays. The lec- 

 ture is on "Pollination of Flowers," 

 and the essays are entitled "Cross and 

 Self Fertilization in Plants" and "The 

 Effects of Cross-Fertilization in Plants." 

 The lecture is profusely illustrated, and 

 all are written in Prof. PammePs happy 

 style. We shall make extracts from 

 these subjects as soon as we have room. 



