6 GEOLOGY. 



Champernowne, a. On the Discovery of a species of Starfish in the 

 Devonian Beds of South Devon. Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. i. p. 5. 



The specimens were found at Inglebourne House (about three miles 

 S.S.W. of Totncs), in coarse slates, with one or two thin gritty layers. 

 The author believes the beds to belong to the Upper South Devon 

 Series. W. T. 



On a Contortion of the Limestone at Torquay, and the pre- 



sence of Calceola sandalina at its base. Trans. Devon. Assoc. 

 vol. vi. part 2, pp. 548-551, 1 plate. 

 Referring to the distorted, faulted, and contorted peninsula on which 

 Torquay stands, Mr. Champernowne proceeds to cite various instances 

 to show that in its structure it is a great anticlinal. He directs atten- 

 tion to a remarkable, but less apparent, contortion of the limestone at 

 the west end of Meadsfoot beach, and brings forward evidence, mainly 

 on palaeontological grounds, to prove that the isolated limestone knoll 

 near Hesketh Crescent is in reality a repetition of the main body of the 

 same rock which forms Daddy-Hole plain. This latter has Calceola 

 sandalina at its base, and is separated from the " knoll " by a mass of 

 grey or olive -coloured shales (or slates). T. M. H. 



Close, Eev. Maxwell. The Elevated Shell-bearing Gravels near 

 Dublin. Journ. Roy. Geol. Soc. Ireland, ser. 2, vol. iv. pt. 1, 

 pp. 36-40. (Also in Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. i. pp. 193-197.) 



The author had already mentioned having found marine shells in the 

 elevated Pleistocene gravels near Dublin, at heights of 1000 and 1200 

 feet above the present sea-level. The shells are in a fragmentary con- 

 dition, and are scarce. They occur in the "limestone-gravels" which 

 rest on the sides of the Three-Rock Mountain, near Bally edmon duff, 

 also near the ruins of Caldbeck Castle ; between Kilmashogue and 

 Tibradden hill-spurs ; near Ballybrack road and the military road ; 

 and near the summit of Montpelier Hill (850 to 1200 feet). The shells 

 obtained are all of living species, but as a group they present a more 

 boreal fades than those of the present coasts and of the low-level gravels. 

 The pebbles of the gravels are subangular and scratched ; and the 

 nearest limestone ground whence they could have come is from 2^ to 

 4J miles distant, and from 800 to 900 feet lower down. Hence the 

 author infers that the gravels could not have been brought to their 

 present situation by water alone, but were, together with the asso- 

 ciated shell-fragments, transported from a north-westerly direction, 

 and that the animals to which the shells belonged lived and died some- 

 where else, towards the north-west, before the time when the sea was 

 deep enough to deposit the elevated gravels. E. T. H. 



Collins, J. H. On the Great Perran Iron Lode. Rep. Miners' 

 Assoc. Cornwall and Devon, for 1873, pp. 55-69, with a map. 



The great Perran lode bears about 35"^ N. of W., averages perhaps 

 thirty feet in width for a course of several miles, underlies from 3 to 4 

 feet in a fathom, and contains large quantities of spathose iron. The 

 upper part of the lode consists chiefly of brown hsematite, due to the 



