BRITISH ISLKS. 9 



of the older deposits to the glacial phenomena of the district is not 

 very clear, he yet thinks that the fauna of the cave-earth was pre- 

 glacial. The postglacial river-deposits of northern England have not 

 yielded such remains, whilst they are abundant in districts south of a 

 line drawn between Chester and York. W. T, 



Dawkins, W. B. Cave Hunting. Researches on the Evidence of Caves 

 respecting the Early Inhabitants of Europe. (Coloured plate and 

 woodcuts.) Pp. xix, 455. 8vo. London. 



Chap. i. The history of Cave-exploration is given ; and ossiferous 

 caves are divided into three groups — Historic, Prehistoric, and 

 Pleistocene. Chap. ii. Caves are described as of various ages, formed 

 generally by the agency of fresh water and the chemical action of 

 carbonic acid, but occasionally by the sea and by volcanic action. 

 Chap. iii. treats of the Historic Caves of Britain ; Chap. iv. of the 

 Caves of the Iron and Bronze age in Britain : those of Cesanda in 

 Portugal are described as having probably been inhabited by cannibals. 

 Chap. V. treats of the Xeolithic caves of North Wales with bones of 

 platycnemic men, the tallest of whom was not more than 5| feet high. 

 Chap. vi. It is stated that skulls of dolichocephalic and brachy cephalic 

 types are found in British Neolithic caves ; the former are cognate 

 with the Basque people, who were invaded by the Celts, these by the 

 Belgse, and these again by the Germans : the first two had brachy- 

 cephalic skulls, the long-headedness of the last being due to frontal 

 development, instead of occipital as in the Basques. Chap. vii. Various 

 caves of doubtful age are described. Chap. viii. An account is given 

 of the Pleistocene caves of Germany and North Britain ; and valleys 

 are shown to have been excavated, and great physical changes to have 

 taken place, since palaeolithic man lived in these caves. Chap. ix. The 

 same species of animals found associated with palaeolithic man in caves 

 are described as occurring with him in the old river-gravels ; and it is 

 thought that the same race of man occurs in both, a race closely allied 

 to the modern Esquimaux. Chap. x. The caves of Southern Europe, 

 the fossil Mammalia of Algeria, and the former continuity of Africa by 

 way of the Iberian peninsula are described. Chap. xi. The Glacial 

 period does not separate one life- era from another ; two faunas are 

 described — the one a northern group, the other a southern group. 

 Chap. xii. The Pleistocene is divided into late, middle, and early by 

 means of the Mammalia. C. E. De 11. 



De IIance, C. E. On the Physical Changes preceding the Deposition 



of the Cretaceous Strata in the South-west of England. Geol. 



Mag. dec. 2. vol. i. pp. 240-253. 



The author first describes the Cretaceous beds of West Dorset and 



Soutli Somerset. Beneath the Yellow Chalk there are the following 



zones (in descending order) — of Scaphites ceqiialis, of Fecten asper, of 



Ex'ogyni conica. Fox mould. Cow-stones or zone of I [oplo^xiria longi^ 



maivi, Gault. The fossils of the Dorsetshire Gault resemble those of 



the Lower Gault at Folkestone. Notes on the gravels and faults of the 



