20 GEOLOGY. 



rocks the hydrous silicate of alumina known as Scarbroite is often 

 found. 



The Cornbrash, the highest fossiliferous zone, is perhaps the richest 

 also, although (with its shale) it reaches only a thickness of 13 feet. 



The above thicknesses are taken from the coast-section, and amount 

 to a total of 695 feet. The Derwent- Valley section (inland) is noticed 

 in detail for comparison ; and here the beds are much thinner (under 

 200 feet) and different in composition. The Whitwell limestone of this 

 part, which is the nearest approach in N. Yorkshire to the Midland 

 type of Inferior Oolite, has been correlated with the Millepore-bed of 

 the coast. 



There are some lists of fossils in the paper, and analyses of iron- 

 stone &c. W. W. 



Hughes, Prof. T. M'K. Exploration of Cave Ha, near Giggleswick, 



Settle, Yorkshire. Journ. Anthrop. Inst. vol. iii. no. 8, pp. 383- 



387, with plate (sections). 



The cave-floor was mould with pellets of owls, kestrels, &c., beneath 



which was earth with much mould, pottery, flint-flakes, knives, a 



stone bead, and bones of recent species, including many remains of mice. 



The bed below was powdery travertine, covering fragments of limestone 



cemented into a breccia, with no human relics and but few bones. 



One molar of bear was found. F. W. K. 



Hull, Prof. E. The Volcanic History of Ireland (Anniversary 

 Address). Journ. Roy. Geol. Soc. Ireland, ser. 2, vol. iv. part i. 

 pp. 20-31, with woodcut; and Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. i. pp. 145- 

 150, 205-210. 



The address first refers to the papers read before the Society during 

 the Session. As regards volcanic phenomena generally, the author states 

 that neither faults nor earthquakes are necessarily connected with vol- 

 canic action. Trap- dykes are later than the beds they traverse ; and 

 sheets of trap are not always contemporaneous with the beds amongst 

 which they lie. The only certain evidence of contemporaneous volca- 

 nic action is that afforded by ashes, agglomerates, and other ejecta. 



The volcanic rocks of Ireland belong to the Palaeozoic and to the Ter- 

 tiary divisions. Of the former there are many examples in the Lower 

 Silurian rocks, as in the counties of Wicklow, Wexford, and Water- 

 ford — Stradbally and Kill, in the last, seeming to have been foci of 

 volcanic action. Similar volcanic rocks occur north of the Boyne, and, 

 less frequently, in Down, Armagh, and Cavan. They are all of marine 

 origin, and have a marked resemblance to those of North Wales. In 

 the Galway district Mr. Kinahan considers that similar rocks occur, 

 but much altered. These volcanic rocks are felspathic and highly 

 silicated. The Upper Silurian rocks also show evidence of contem- 

 poraneous action, as in West Mayo and Galway on the north of 

 Killary Harbour and Lough Mask, another centre of volcanic activity 

 being shown at the promontory of Dingle. In the Old- lied- Sandstone 

 period there are several examples — near Boyle, Co. Eoscommon, in 



