EUROPE. 65 



the granite hitherto regarded as intrusive is shown to be inter- 

 stratified. The rocks represented in the map are ante- Silurian Gra- 

 nites, Transition rocks, Carboniferous, Trias, Infra-Lias, Jurassic, Lower 

 Cretaceous, Middle and Upper Cretaceous, Garumnian, Eocene, and 

 Miocene (with new facts of importance). 



Garrigou, Dr. F. Calcaire carbonifere des Pyrenees. Marbres de 

 Saint-Beat et du Mont (Haute-Garonne). [Carboniferous Lime- 

 stone in the Pyrenees. Marbles of the Haute Garonne.] Compt. 

 Rend. t. Ixxix. pp. 53-56. 

 Insists on the Lower Carboniferous age of the. band of limestone 

 known on the northern flank of the Pyrenees as* "marbres de St. 

 Beat." These beds had been supposed to be Jurassic, and also pre-Car- 

 boniferous. The presence of Carboniferous formations in the JPyrenees 

 had been said to be impossible. G. A. L. 



. Reponse a M. Leymerie, au sujet du calcaire carbonifere des 



Pyrenees et des marbres de Saint-Beat. [Reply to M. Leymerie 

 on the Carboniferous Limestone of the Pyrenees.] Compt. Rend, 

 t. Ixxix. pp. 328, 329. 

 The crystalline limestones in question form part of " the Carboni- 

 ferous band, the place of which has been written both by Stratigraphy, 

 and by Palaeontology, in the Pyrenean rock-series." G. A. L. 



Gaspard, a. Oscillations de la cote k Dunkerque. [Oscillations of 

 the Dunkirk coast.] Ann. Soc. Geol. Nord, 1870-74, pp. 40, 41. 



Extract from a letter calling attention to a bed of peat 6*4 metres 

 below mean sea-level, covered by a great thickness of sand, in which 

 a few thinner beds of peat are met with. A bone arrow-head and an 

 antler have been found on the top of the lower bed. G. A. L, 



Gastaldi, B. Studii geologici sulle Alpi occidontali (parte secunda). 

 [Geological studies on the Western Alps.] Memorie R. Com. Geol. 

 Ital. vol. ii. pt. 2, pp. 5-59 (2 plates, sections). 



Reviewing what has been written on the serpentines of the Pyre- 

 nees and elsewhere, and comparing therewith his own observations in 

 the Alps between Briangon and Lago Maggiore, the author comes to the 

 following conclusions : — that the older, or fundamental, gneiss is the 

 oldest rock in the Alps (perhaps L. Laurentian) ; that above this comes 

 the great mass of green-tinted rocks, serpentines, diorites with subor- 

 dinate mica-schist, newer gneiss, and saccharoid limestones (perhaps 

 U. Laurentian to Cambrian); that the succeeding quartzites, sand- 

 stones with anthracite, dolomites, and gypsum are Palaeozoic; that 

 there are no strictly plutonic rocks, but that all the above are sedi- 

 mentary rocks raotamoq)ho8ed ; and that it was the central fundamental 

 gneiss which, being raised in the solid state, lifted all the other rocks. 



E. B. T. 



GoDEFRiN, — . Bois silicifid et grcs, dans le sable landcnien de 

 1874. F 



