EUROPE. 97 



tj'pes, and by limestone beds. Apatite is occasionally present. These 

 ores, which are seldom found in large quantities, consist of magnetite 

 and haematite. 



The ores of the second group consist' of magnetite, and are found 

 together with malacolite, coccolite, hornblende, asbestos, talc, chlorite, 

 garnet, serpentine, epidote, or other varieties connected with these 

 minerals. They are often richer, purer, and more ductile than the 

 others, contain but littla phosphorus, and are usually fused without the 

 aid of fluxes, yielding a good and strong iron. 



The ores of the third group are principally distinguished by their 

 manganiferous and calcareous character and the large quantity of swZ- 

 pJiurous metals which they often contain. Among the associated man- 

 ganitic minerals, the following chiefly occur : — Hausmannite, rhodonite, 

 manganese-spar, and knebelite. As a rule, these are magnetic iron- 

 ores. 



Ifi the author's opinion, these groups belong to different geological 

 ages in the order above given, from the older to the newer — the first 

 group occurring in • connexion with pure gneisses, and the two others 

 with euritic and felsitic rocks (Halleflinta). E. E. 



Sjogren, A. Anteckningar i praktisk geognosi. II. NSgra observa- 

 tioner vid Danneniora mellanfalt. [Suggestions in practical geology, 

 ^pme observations in Central Dannemora.] Geol. foren. Stock- 

 holm Eorhandl. bdt. ii. pp. 27-33, pi. iii. 

 A practical paper on the proper mode of indicating geological details 

 on mining-plans, illustrated by an application of the author's rules to 

 the mining-district of the Central Dannemora Plain, of which a plan, 

 showing the distribution of the ore and of the country-rock, together 

 with the workings &c., is given. 



Stache, Dr. GriDO. (1) Ueber eine Vertretung der Perm-Formation 

 (Dyas) von Nebraska in den Siid-Alpen. (2) Neue Fusulinen- 

 Fiinde in den Karawanken. (3) Wahrscheinliche Aequivalente 

 der oberen Dyas in den Central- Alpen. [1. Representatives of the 

 Permian of Nebraska in the Southern Alps. 2. New discoveries 

 of FusuUna in the Karawanke Mountains. 3. Probable equiva- 

 lents of the Upper Permian in the Central Alps.] Verb. k.-k. 

 geol. Reichs. pp. 87-90. 

 The most important point developed is the close relation between 

 certain of the Permian deposits of the Alps and the same formation as 

 exhibited in Nebraska, U. S. H. A. N. 



. Vertretung der Perm-Formation in den Siid-Alpen. [Repre- 

 sentation of the Permian in the Southern Alps.] Yerh. k.-k. geol. 

 Reichs. pp. 365-367. 

 Gives additional details as to the occurrence of Permian deposits in 

 the Southern Alps, and the organic remains which they contain. 



Die paleeozoi'schen Gcbiete der Ostalpen. No, 2. [Palaoxoio 



1874. • . H 



