162 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY. 



found in mica-schist, proving it in one case to be a metamorphosed 

 Carboniferous deposit. The change in form of continents is dis- 

 cussed : it is laid down that elevations of mountains imply sinkings of 

 ocean-floors, and so changes of land-area, numerous proofs of islands 

 that are relicts of continental land &c. being adduced. The author 

 agrees, for the most part, with E. de Beaumont's systems of mountains. 

 The influence of plutonic action in the composition of mountains is 

 touched upon, and the moon's phenomena are compared with our earth's 

 surface. Kumerous remains of undoubted craters are given ; but, further, 

 various circular areas, enclosed by hills, are supposed to be probably 

 remains of giant craters that have been covered up and obscured by 

 later sedimentary formations, the present courses of rivers being in 

 those cases held to support this view. Appendices give copious references 

 to the cases adduced throughout the essay. E. B. T. 



Beadley, E. H. Note on the Eecent Earthquakes of Bald Mountain, 



in Butherford County, North Carolina. Amer. Journ. ser. 3, 



vol. viii. p. 79. 



A note of a trip to Bald Mountain after the Earthquake. There is 



no foundation for the stories of yawning crevices and smoking pits. 



The real phenomena presented were the usual ones of earthquakes ; 



and there was nothing volcanic about them. G. A. L. 



BKArisrs, D. Die Besultate der Temperaturmessungen in grosseren 

 Tiefen, besonders im Speremberger Bohrloche, und ihre Bedeutung 

 in theoretisch-geologischen Hinsicht. (The results of determi- 

 nations of Temperature at great Depths, specially in the Sperem- 

 berg Bore-hole, and their bearing on points of Theoretical Geology.) 

 Zeitsch. gesam. Naturwiss. pp. 483-496. 



Capanema, G. S. Die Sambaquis oder Muschelhiigel Brasiliehs. 



[The Sambaquis, or SheU-heaps of Brazil.] Petermann's Mit- 



theilungen, Bd. xx. pp. 228-230. 



Description of shell-middens of the Brazilian coast, and a discussion 



of the rising of that coast, which is now going on, and which the 



author has proved, from Ceara to Santa Catharina. The connexion 



between this phenomenon and the shell-heaps, and also with the 



lagoons along the coast, is explained. G. A. L. 



Coax, T. Note on the Eecent Volcanic Action in Hawaii. Amer. 



Journ. ser. 3, vol. vii. pp. 516-517. 

 A description of the eruptions from Aug. 1872 to Jan. 1874. 



CoLviN, A. Origin of Earthquakes. Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. i. 



p. 95. 

 Controverts Mr. Mallet's view that earthquakes are due to the 

 action of underground water wearing away rocks. 



Daj^a, Prof. J. D. Notes on the New Edition of Mr. Darwin's 

 work on the Structure and Distribution of Coral Beefs (1874). 

 Amer. Journ. ser. 3, vol. viii. pp. 312-319. 



