194 GEOLOQY. 



26 pp. ; Heat- and Light-producing materials, 26 pp. ; Fictile Arts, 13 pp. ; 

 Grinding, Whetting, and Polishing materials, 13 pp. ; Eefractory or Fire- 

 resisting substances, 9 pp. ; Pigments, Dyes, and Detergents, 9 pp. ; 

 Salts and Saline Earths, 14 pp. ; Mineral and Thermal Springs, 19 pp. ; 

 Mineral Medicines, 4 pp. ; Gems and Precious Stones, 20 pp. ; Metals 

 and Metallic Ores, 38 pp. ; General Summary, 10 pp. A few general 

 references to authorities are given at the end of each chapter. W. T. 



Paget, F. A. Eeport on the UtiKzation of Peat and Peat-lands. 

 Eeports on the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873. Part II. 

 8vo. Pp. 269-249. 2 plates and woodcuts. 

 The subject is treated under the following heads : — Natural Forma- 

 tion and Growth ; Extraction and Winning ; Mixing and Condensing ; 

 Drying ; Carbonization or Charring ; Products of its Distillation ; Ap- 

 plications as a Fuel ; Eeclamation of Peat-lands ; Sundry Applications 

 of Peat. W. T. 



Paeodi, — . On Sulphur in Sicily. Nature, vol. x. p. 271. 



Believes the sulphur of Sicily will be exhausted in 50 or 60 years ; 

 but as no sulphur has yet been worked below 400 ft., this estimate is 

 doubtful. C. E. De E. 



Plant, John. Peat Fuels and their Economic Yalue. Trans. Man- 

 chester Geol. Soc. vol. xiii. part 3, pp. 55-82. 



Describes the peat of highlands as never reaching more than 6 feet, 

 while those of lowland bogs reach 50 to 80. Takes peat-mosses of Great 

 Britain to cover 3^ million acres, which with, those of Ireland gives 

 6 million acres. In Holland 40 million tons of hard peat-fuel are made. 

 Peat is then divided into four classes : — '•' long turf," from high fens, 

 fibrous and light ; '^ short turf," obtained by dredging the water-covered 

 turbaries, cut into short bricks ; " derric turf," obtained from under 

 the sand-dunes on the coast; and *^ Eahder turf," a machine-made 

 peat-fuel. C. E. De E. 



Poole, H. S. Eeport of the Department of Mines, Nova Scotia, for 

 . the year 1873. Pp.88. Halifax. 



. Salbach, — . [Dresden Waterworks.] Protokolle des Sachsischen 

 Ingenieur-Yereins, May 10, 1874, pp. 17-41, 1 pi. 

 In the valley of the Elbe there are large tracts of thick, clean, fine 

 sand, such as that forming Dresden Heath ; this sand overlies granite 

 and other formations. There are but few springs ; and borings made 

 on the summit and slope of the Heath showed that but a small 

 quantity of water could be there obtained. Experiments were then 

 made to see if it would be possible to supply Dresden with naturally 

 filtered water, taken from the banks of the river. These experiments 

 showed that a large number of subterranean watercourses on the slope 

 of the Heath run into the gravel of the Elbe valley, and continue their 

 course under the bed of the river. A shaft, 23 feet deep, was sunk in 

 the bank of the river, from which 11 million gallons are pumped daily. 



