CHAPTER 11. 



Exercises of pupils in private lessons — Words of command — 

 Walking — Turning to the right or left — Voltes and re- 

 versed voltes — Trotting. 



Although private lessons can not begin to take 

 the place of exercises in class, it is advisable that the 

 pupil should have some lessons by herself first, in or- 

 der that she may learn to manage her horse to some 

 extent at the walk, trot, and canter. 



Words of command in the riding-school are of 

 two kinds; the first being preparatory, to enable 

 the pupil to think over quickly the means to be em- 

 ployed in order to obey the second or final order. 

 Example : " Prepare to go forward " — preparatory. 

 *'Go forward" — final order, given in a loud voice, 

 with emphasis on each word or syllable. Between 

 the two orders, the teacher should at first explain to 

 the pupil what is wanted, and the means of obtain- 

 ing it, and later should require her to repeat it her- 

 self, so that she may learn it by heart. The teacher 

 commands the pupil, the pupil demands obedience 

 from the horse, and the horse executes the move- 

 ment ; but this triple process needs time, all the more 



