LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



XV 



:fig. page 



88. Transverse section of a fore shoe through one of the nail 



holes, . . . . , . . . 135 



89. Cross sections of four fullered shoes, .... 137 



90. German military shoe for fore feet, , . . . 139 

 Fireman's tools, ..... facing 141, 142 



91. Partly completed fore shoe, ..... 143 



92. Partly completed hind shoe, ..... *145 



93. Right fore shoe with calkins, ..... 147 



94. Shoe with obliquely cut off heel, .... 147 



95. Shoe fitted for removable toe and heel pieces, . . . 149 

 96-98. Heel-pieces (sharp), ...... 149 



99. Blunt heel-piece, ....... 149 



100. Removable toe-piece, ...... 150 



101. Removable toe-piece, . . . , , .150 



102. Tool for removing old heel-pieces, .... 150 



103. Left hind shoe with toe-grip and calkins, . . . 151 



104. Steel rod with toe and heel grips partly formed, . .351 



105. Frost nail and stubs, ...... 155 



106. Delperier's frost nail, ...... 155 



107. Stamp for Delperier's frost nail, . . . . . 156 



108. Section of shoe with Delperier's nail inserted, , . 156 



109. Outer heel " sharpened," . . . . .157 



110. Inner heel " sharpened," . ..... 157 



111. Count von Einsiedel's winter shoe for front feet, . . 157 



112. The same for hind feet, ...... 157 



113. Heel of " screwed " shoe with countersunk hole, . . 158 



114. Anvil for making screws, . . . . . 159 



115. Screws (full size) provided \sath Whitworth thread, . . 160 



116. Screw-cutting machine, ...... 160 



117. Frost screw with concave sides, ..... 160 



118. Frost screws used by the German army, . . . 161 



119. Mould for making screws, . . . . . 161 

 120-124. Screws, ....... 162 



125. Taper tap, ........ 162 



126. Plug tap, ........ 162 



127. Screw with H-shaped head, ..... 163 



128. Screw with + -shaped head, ..... 163 



129. Screw with angled head, ...... 163 



130. Screw with Y-shaped head, ..... 163 



131. Hollow screw, . . .- . . . . 163 



132. Perforated screw, ...... 163 



133. Universal screw-key, . . . , . .163 



134. Sharp cog, . . . ' . . . . . 164 



135. Blunt cog, ........ 164 



136. Counter-sink for enlarging holes in shoe, , . . 164 



137. Round sharp cogs, . . . . . . 165 



138. Mould and anvil, ....... 166 



139. Transverse section of toe of grip-shoe for draught horse, . 168 



