16 HISTORY OF HORSE-SHOEING. 



shoeing. Hartmann's shoe resembled the English in regard 

 to its fullering and seating, but its fitting and bearing surfaces 

 were more like the French pattern. This author maintained 

 the importance of the frog bearing weight. Count von Ein- 

 siedel, a contemporary of Hartmann, took up the purely 

 physiological position. The system of shoeing named after 

 him is based on the views of the English authors Miles and 

 Field. He recommended for front-feet a heelless shoe, of equal 

 breadth throughout, the ground and bearing surfaces horizontal, 

 well seated out, moderately rounded at the toe, and having 

 somewhat finely punched nail-holes ; for hind-feet the ' inter- 

 fering ' shoe. His exertions largely contributed to the improve- 

 ment of shoeing in Saxony and Prussia. 



Charlier's system, inaugurated in 1865, which consists in 

 sinking the shoe in the wall of the hoof, thus surrounding the 

 hoof like a ferrule, produces precisely the opposite effect to 

 that desired. Instead of preserving the hoof it destroys it. 

 Good enough's method, published in 1869, was less injurious, but 

 only suited to particular purposes. Its object was to promote 

 the natural function of the horny sole and frog. The shoe has 

 five prominences on its ground surface. In 1879 this method 

 was revived, without, however, achieving any great success. 



Dominik took up a purely theoretical standpoint in regard 

 to shoeino-. He believed that the wall of the hoof should 

 always be supported at right angles by the upper surface of the 

 shoe. The idea, however, is not practicable. Nevertheless, his 

 observations on the action of animals before and after shoeing, 

 and his demonstrations, proved of great service. 



Since 1869 various methods of roughing have been introduced, 

 and have proved almost indispensable in cold countries. The 

 American, Judson, invented the round frost cog. Dominik 

 made some, but preferred the quadrangular form, as being 

 simpler to produce. Since that time both varieties have been 

 successfully employed. 



But no improvement in farriery can be of service until incor- 

 porated in the daily practice of the shoeing-smith ; and, abroad, 

 this has only been possible since the foundation, in the middle 

 of the present century, of colleges for the instruction of farriers. 

 Previous to this, only students attending the Veterinary Colleges 

 had received instruction, but at the present time special in- 



