METHODS OF ROUGHING. 



157 



Fig. 109. Fig. 110. 



Fig. 109. — Outer heel ' sharpened.' 

 Fig. 110.— Inner heel 'sharpened.' 



This form remains sharp for a longer time and wears more 

 regularly than any other. The inner heel is wedge-shaped, 

 and is also at right angles to the 

 web. To prevent cutting it is best 

 not to make it quite sharp and to 

 round off the outer edge (fig. 110). 



This is the oldest method of 

 roughing, and may be applied to all 

 horses employed at slow work. In 

 heavy cart horses a small piece of 

 steel is sometimes let into the toe 

 (of the shoe) and sharpened. A special kind of steel is made 

 for this purpose, which welds easily and thoroughly with iron. 

 In order to obtain the greatest wear, such toe-grips should be 

 hardened, though it is not desirable to render them too brittle 

 by suddenly cooling the entire shoe. 



Eouohiuo; one heel is insufhcient, and should be condemned. 



As the above method of roughing requires the removal of 

 the shoe each time it is renewed, serious disadvantages follow 

 its repeated use. Firstly comes the loss of the animal's service 

 while waiting at the farrier's, to which must be added the too 

 frequent injuries from pricking as well as injuries to the wall. 



Fig. 111. — Count von Einsiedel's winter shoe for 

 front feet. 



Fig. 112.— The same for hind-feet. 



Even when the greatest care is used, the hoof will not bear 

 removal of the shoe more than five to six times per month. 

 These drawbacks led to the invention of Count von Ein- 



