TOE-GRIPS. 



169 



afterwards driven through the hole to give it its finished form. 

 The drift should be a little smaller than the shank of the gi^ip, 

 so that when the latter is inserted its head will not come in 

 contact with the shoe, but a space, from ^V ^^ tV i^^^h, be left 

 between it and the shoe, so as to allow of dilatation being 

 compensated by the further penetration of the grip. After 

 fitting, the hole is once more drifted. 



(h) Toe-grips with oval shanks (figs. 140 and 141) are made 

 in great variety, witli and without safety nails, so that when 



Fig. 140. — Toe-grip with oval shank 

 and nut. 



Fig. 141. — Transverse section of shoe, 

 grip, and safety nail. 



tlie aperture for the grip has Ijecome somewhat dilated a rather 

 larger grip can be used, which will still hold well. 



(c) Toe-grips with rounded conical shanks are made with a 

 shank about ^V inch in length and thickness, which diminishes 

 towards the smaller end to the extent of ^ 



24 



to Jg- 



inch. 



Opposite the shank are a couple of ribs about yV inch in 

 height and the same in thickness, which prevent the grip 

 rotating. The shoes, machine-made, are yV to ^ inch thicker 

 around the aperture than at other parts. 

 (d) Malleable iron shoes with remov- 

 able toe-grips. These have a grip-hole 

 at the toe. The grip is held firm by a 

 thin piece of fiexible iron plate, which is 

 bent and inserted, the grip being then 

 placed in position and fastened by a few 

 blows of the hammer. At the centre, 

 near the inner border of the toe of the 

 shoe, is a depression to permit of a 

 pointed lever being passed under the 

 iron plate, which, once removed, allows 

 the grip to be readily taken out. Nevertheless, when horses 

 are worked on stone roads, tliese grips are apt to l^ecome loose 

 (fig. 142). 



Fig. 142.— Patent shoe with mov- 

 able toe-grip. The middle fig. 

 shows a section of the shoe. 



